STUDY GUIDE
QUIZ 4
Psych 200
Spr 2014
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
7.2
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.11
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
Describe the negative effects of both malnutrition and obesity on development, and
identify the causes of obesity.
Explain the major cognitive advances that occur during Piaget’s concrete operations
stage.
Describe how attention and memory change from early childhood to middle childhood,
and identify the characteristics of children who have ADHD.
Describe the main features and critiques of intelligence tests, and compare and contrast
Gardner’s and Sternberg’s approaches to conceptualizing intelligence.
Explain the consequences for cognitive development of growing up bilingual.
Explain how different ways of thinking about the self are rooted in cultural beliefs, and
summarize how self-concept and self-esteem change in middle childhood.
Describe how beliefs and behavior regarding gender change in middle childhood,
including cultural variations.
Explain the distinctive features of family relations in middle childhood, and describe the
consequences of parental divorce and remarriage.
Explain the main basis of friendships in middle childhood, and describe the four
categories of peer social status and the dynamics between bullies and victims.
Summarize the international variations in school enrollment during middle childhood,
and compare and contrast the school socialization practices of Eastern and Western
cultures.
Describe the kinds of work children do in middle childhood, and explain why work
patterns differ between developed and developing countries.
Summarize the rates of daily TV-watching among children worldwide, and describe the
positive and negative effects of television, especially the hazards related to TV violence.
KEY TERMS
Section 1: Key Terms
cultural models p. 285
body mass index (BMI) p. 286
overweight p. 288
obese p. 288
asthma p. 290
concrete operations p. 294
decentering p. 295
seriation p. 295
selective attention p. 296
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) p. 297
mnemonics p. 298
rehearsal p. 298
organization p. 298
elaboration p. 298
intelligence p. 299
intelligence quotient (IQ) p. 300
normal distribution p. 301
Flynn effect p. 302
theory of multiple intelligences p. 303
triarchic theory of intelligence p. 303
phonics approach p. 304
whole-language approach p. 305
dyslexia p. 305
learning disability p. 305
bilingual p. 307
metalinguistic skills p. 308
multilingual p. 309
CHAPTER 8: ADOLESCENCE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.6
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.12
8.13
8.14
Describe the normative timing of pubertal events, cultural variations, and how being early
or late influences emotional and social development.
Identify the main gender differences in puberty rituals worldwide.
Describe the prevalence, symptoms, and treatment of eating disorders.
Explain the features of hypothetical-deductive reasoning and give an example of how it is
assessed.
Summarize the major changes in attention and memory that take place from middle
childhood to adolescence.
Define the imaginary audience and the personal fable and explain how they reflect
egocentrism in adolescence.
Produce an example of the zone of proximal development and scaffolding involving
adolescents.
Describe how self-understanding, self-concept, and self-esteem change during
adolescence.
Compare and contrast the cultural patterns in gender expectations for girls and boys in
adolescence.
Discriminate between Kohlberg’s theory of moral development and Jensen’s worldviews
theory.
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.24
Describe the cultural variations in religious beliefs during adolescence as well as the
sources and outcomes of religiosity within cultures.
Summarize the cultural variations in adolescents’ relationships with parents, siblings, and
extended family.
Describe cultural variations in adolescents’ relationships with friends, and characterize
their interactions with peers.
Identify cultural variations in adolescent love and sexuality, including variations in
adolescent pregnancy and contraceptive use.
Compare and contrast the secondary education systems and academic performance of
developed countries and developing countries.
Summarize the typical forms of adolescent work in developing countries and developed
countries, and describe the features of apprenticeships in Europe.
Explain the function of media use in adolescents’ lives and apply the Media Practice
Model to the playing of electronic games.
Summarize the explanations for why age and crime are so strongly correlated, and
describe the multisystemic approach to combating delinquency.
Define resilience and name the protective factors that are related to resilience in
adolescence.
KEY TERMS
Section 1 Key Terms
puberty p. 341
adolescence p. 341
primary sex characteristics p. 343
secondary sex characteristics p. 343
menarche p. 343
spermarche p. 343
secular trend p. 345
puberty ritual p. 347
anorexia nervosa p. 350
bulimia p. 350
self-medication p. 353
formal operations p. 355
hypothetical-deductive reasoning p. 355
adolescent egocentrism p. 359
imaginary audience p. 359
personal fable p. 359
preconventional reasoning p. 368
conventional reasoning p. 368
postconventional reasoning p. 368
worldview p. 369
cyberbullying p. 377
homophobia p. 380