BIOS 160
Anatomy and Physiology
Name
Exam IV
100 pts total. Answer the multiple choice/true-false/matching questions (1-40) using the computerized answer form.
The first 40 questions are worth 2 points apiece. Then separate the last page of the exam and answer all the short
answer/essay questions (20 points total). When finished, fold the last page in half lengthwise, write the first 3 letters
of your last name in the blanks provided, and insert your computer form. Finally, shove the folded last page
between the pages of this stapled question section, write your name on the exam, and turn it in.
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1. What structure(s) within the nasal cavity act to increase surface area and create turbulence
during inspiration?
a. hard and soft palate
b. nasal conchae
c. nasopharynx
d. sinuses
e. external nares
2. Air passing through the nasal cavity on the way to the lungs is warmed and moistened
primarily in order to:
a. increase the concentration of CO2 in the inspired air
b. facilitate mucous secretion by serous membranes
c. reduce dehydration and cooling of the lungs
d. trap and remove foreign particles from incoming air
e. ensure that the air passes down the trachea and not the esophagus
3. The role of the structure indicated by arrow pointer "3" in the
diagram at the right is to:
a. hold open the trachea so it won't collapse
b. vibrate with the passage of air and create sounds
c. provide for resonance in the skull during speech
d. keep the tongue from being swallowed
e. prevent food from entering the lungs
4.
3.
4. The role of the structures indicated by white dots and pointer arrow "4"
in the diagram to the right is:
a. clearing bacteria and debris from the throat area
b. mucous production
c. warming and moistening incoming air
d. cooling and drying outgoing air
e. positioning the food while it is being chewed
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 1
5. Why are the hyaline cartilaginous rings in the trachea shaped like the letter "C", with openings
towards the posterior surface of the neck?
a. to make them lighter and decrease the weight load on tracheal tissue
b. to effectively increase the diameter of the trachea, making air passage easier
c. to allow for growth of the "rings" as the trachea enlarges during development
d. to allow for passage of a large bolus through the posteriorly oriented esophagus
e. to allow for extension of the neck that would be difficult if the "rings" were continuous
circles
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------True/False Questions Answer "a" if true and "b" if false
6. The left bronchus of the left lung is wider, shorter, and straighter than the right bronchus of the
right lung.
7. The linings of the lungs are called pleura.
8. The major and primary muscle(s) responsible for inspiration is/are the internal intercostal
muscles.
9. During inspiration, the air pressure outside the body is less than that in the pleural (thoracic)
cavity.
10. Internal respiration refers to the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveoli
walls into and out of the pulmonary circulation.
11. Lung vital capacity is equal to the tidal volume measurement.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. Which type of chemical digestive process occurs in the mouth?
a. breakdown of proteins by trypsin
b. emulsification
c. breakdown of starches into maltose
d. hydrolysis of nucleic acids
e. degradation of triglycerides
13. The greater and lesser omenta (omentum is singular) are responsible for
a. supporting and holding the digestive organs and intestines together
b. forming two successive layers of mucosa lining the intestinal tract
c. providing for two different routes that blood can take from the intestines to the liver
d. the major peristaltic movements in the stomach
e. connecting the small intestine to the large intestine
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 2
14. Fatty acids are absorbed and transported away from the small intestine through:
a. efferent capillaries
b. the fundus structure
c. the bile duct
d. the pancreatic duct
e. lacteals
15. The smallest projections found on the intestinal lining are the:
a. rugae
b. microvilli
c. plicae circulares
d. villi
e. haustra
16. In the diagram of the teeth shown at the right, what is the function
of teeth labeled C and H, especially in mammals other than humans?
a. clipping and cutting
b. seizing
c. grinding
d. cracking
e. nibbling
17. Emulsification by bile salts is necessary for:
a. starch digestion
b. protein digestion
c. lipid digestion
d. nucleic acid digestion
e. only protein and lipid digestion
upper
lower
Match the following description on the left with the appropriate answer on the right. If the
answer has more than one letter, like "ac", fill in BOTH "a" and "c" on your answer sheet.
18. Causes hydrolysis of peptide bonds, resulting
in the activation of pepsin
19. Causes heartburn
20. Causes hydrolysis of milk protein (casein)
21. Causes the gallbladder to release stored bile
a. action of rennin (chymosin)
b. action of pepsin
c. action of gastrin
d. acid reflux
e. action of HCl in the stomach
ab. action of amylase
ac. action of carboxypeptidase
ad. action of secretin
ae. action of cholecystokinin
bc. production of vitamin K
bd. defecation reflex
be. water absorption
cd. parietal cells of the stomach
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 3
22. Lack of sufficient fiber in the diet can cause _________, especially in old age.
a. the formation of haustra
b. an infected appendix
c. the formation of diverticula
d. gallstones
e. kidney stones
23. A major source of carbohydrates in the diet are:
a. fruits and vegetables
b. meat and fish
c. bread, cereals, and potatoes
d. milk and dairy products
e. fats and oils
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------True/False Questions Answer "a" if true and "b" if false
24. Alkalosis of the blood can occur if excessive amounts of fats are ingested in the diet.
25. Fats that are catabolized for energy enter into the cellular respiration process as pyruvate
molecules.
26. Gluconeogenesis refers to the creation of glycogen molecules through the linking of glucose
sugars to each other.
27. Phenylketonuriacs should limit their ingestion of glucose since this sugar produces brain
damaging metabolites, especially in children.
28. The kidneys are involved in regulating the pH of the blood.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29. Which of the following is called "bad cholesterol", in which fatty substances are being
transported from the liver to body cells?
a. chylomicrons
b. low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. high density lipoproteins (HDLs)
d. any cholesterol found in the bloodstream
e. the cholesterol found in eggs
30. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a. production of blood-based antibodies
b. degradation of hormones
c. synthesis of cholesterol
d. storage or release of glucose
e. conversion of ammonia to urea
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 4
31. Metabolic rate in humans is controlled most directly by:
a. how much you eat each day (on the average)
b. your digestive rate
c. thyroxine
d. cholecystokinin
e. aldosterone
32. What process, occurring in the initial catabolism of protein, directly leads to the excretion of
nitrogenous waste in the form of urea?
a. deamination
b. aldosterone production
c. gluconeogenesis
d. glycogenolysis
e. breaking of peptide bonds
33. The major function of the peritubular capillaries of a nephron is:
a. filtration
b. transport of reabsorbed nutrients
c. concentration of urine
d. excretion of urea
e. transport of produced urine
34. What special tissue in the urinary bladder allows for the enlargement and stretching that
occurs as urine accumulates?
a. transitional epithelium
b. skeletal muscle
c. stratified columnar epithelium
d. loose connective tissue
e. cuboidal epithelium
35. Which structure in the male urinary bladder is the closest one to the trigone?
a. the openings of the ureters into the bladder
b. the prostate gland
c. the external sphincter
d. the internal sphincter
e. the urethra
36. What is the function of the structure indicated by the braces
shown in the diagram to the right?
a. to remove excess proteins from the blood
b. to regulate the amount of salt and water in the blood
c. to bring together urine streams that flow to the bladder
d. to remove nitrogenous waste while saving water and salt
from the blood
e. to remove a large amount of the blood plasma, without
removing blood proteins
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 5
37. If the systemic blood pressure begins to fall, which of the following processes would occur to
counter the falling pressure?
a. levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) would drop
b. vasodilation of blood vessels would occur
c. levels of renin in the blood would drop
d. levels of aldosterone in the blood would increase
e. levels of cholecystokinin would increase
38. High levels of sodium in the blood would cause:
a. lower levels of LDLs
b. a lower stroke volume in the heart
c. higher blood pH
d. higher blood pressure
e. greater excretion of bicarbonate ions by the kidney
39. Most of the fluid in the human body is found:
a. in the nephrons of the kidneys
b. in the interstitial (between cells) fluid
c. in the intracellular (within cells) fluid
d. in the plasma of the bloodstream
e. in the bladder or ureters
40. Which of the following is NOT a major way in which water is lost from the body?
a. vaporization out of the lungs
b. evaporation from skin capillaries
c. perspiration
d. normal defecation
e. urine production
-------------------------------------------------------------------Extra Credit Questions
41. Acetyl CoA is the final molecule in the oxidation of
cellular respiration.
a. glucose
b. amino acids
c. fatty acids
d. DNA or RNA
e. vinegar
for energy production in
42. Which of the following is NOT a major factor in influencing a person's basal metabolic rate?
a. average pulse
b. age
c. gender
d. surface area
e. thyroxine production
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 6
SHORT ANSWER SHEET
BIOS 160 Exam II
Name
20 pts. total. Please write your answers in the blanks provided.
A. 2 pts. The substance that prevents the walls of the lung alveoli from sticking together (through water
adhesion) is known (generally) as
.
B. 6 pts. Explain how respiratory rate and depth affects the pH of the blood. Be sure to include any
important chemicals and equilibria in your answer. Continue on the reverse side if more space is needed.
C. 4 pts. Name the two structures indicated by the larger pointer arrows.
D. 4 pts. Explain the difference between peristalsis and segmentation in the movement of chyme in the
digestive tract. What do these two different movements do to the chyme?
.
TURN OVER FOR MORE QUESTIONS
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 7
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BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 8
First three letters of last name
E. 2 pts. Name one mechanism by which your body increases its internal temperature
F. 2 pts. Blood flowing from the renal arteries into the kidney passes through segmental arteries, lobar
arteries, and interlobar arteries. What particular vessel type is the very next conduit through which blood
flows on its way to the nephrons (i.e. what is it called)?
BIOS 160 Exam IV pg. 9