BIOS 160 Anatomy and Physiology
Name
100 pts total. Answer the multiple choice/true-false/matching questions (1-40) using the computerized answer form.
The first 40 questions are worth 2 points apiece. Then separate the last page of the exam and answer all the short answer/essay questions (20 points total). When finished, fold the last page in half lengthwise, write the first 3 letters of your last name in the blanks provided, and insert your computer form. Finally, shove the folded last page between the pages of this stapled question section, write your name on the exam, and turn it in.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------
Match the hormone on the left with the organ or structure that produces it on the right. If the correct answer is more than one letter, like "abc", fill in "a" AND "b" AND "c" on your answer sheet for that question.
1. Calcitonin; reduces blood calcium levels a. pineal body
2. Epinephrine; increases metabolic rate and blood glucose
3. Insulin; reduces blood glucose b. hypothalamus c. anterior pituitary d. posterior pituitary e. thyroid ab. parathyroid
4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); stimulates sperm and ova production ac. thymus
5. Oxytocin; Stimulates uterine contractions and milk "let down" reflex ad. adrenal medulla ae. adrenal cortex bc. pancreas bd. testes be. ovaries cd. stomach ce. duodenum de. kidney
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
6. In the steroid hormone mechanism of action, the hormone binds to a receptor and: a. acts to initiate transcription b. stimulates the production of second messenger like cAMP c. causes change only in the cytoplasm of the target cell d. moves through the blood stream to other cells e. causes glucose breakdown within the cell
7. The way the hypothalamus causes hormonal release in the anterior pituitary is through: a. neural stimulus b. hormonal stimulus c. humoral stimulus d. bipolar diphasic stimulus e. intentional stimulus
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
True/False Questions . Mark "a" if true and "b" if false.
8. One function of the thyroid gland is to regulate the rate of cellular respiration in most of the body's cells.
9. Glucagon and aldosterone have exactly opposite effects in regulating blood glucose levels.
10. The risk of seeing "hemolytic disease" in a newborn baby is greatest if the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 1

11. Which of the following lists the steps of hemostasis in the correct chronology, from the first step to the last? a. vascular spasms, coagulation, platelet plug formation b. vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation c. platelet plug formation, vascular spasms, coagulation d. platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasms e. coagulation, vascular spasms, platelet plug formation
12. After centrifuging a blood sample, a layer appears in the test tube known as the "buffy coat". What is the composition of this layer? a. erythrocytes only b. leukocytes only c. leukocytes and platelets d. plasma only e. platelets only
TRUE/FALSE Select "a" if true and "b" if false.
Buffy coat
13. Myeloid stem cells give rise to lymphocytes
14. Type A positive blood can be transfused into a Type O negative recipient without any substantial health risks to the recipient.
15. In the electrocardiogram shown at the right, the peak labeled "R" occurs when the ventricles of the heart are contracting.
16. Cardiac output is calculated as the product of the heart rate (bpm) and the stroke volume (ml).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Use the heart diagram at the right to answer the following questions.
17. Which structure blocks the backflow of blood between the aorta and the left ventricle?
18. Which structure contains (in its walls) the pacemaker , or initiator of heart muscle excitation?
19. Which structure is the bicuspid valve?
20. If this diagram was in color, which structure would be carrying blue-colored blood away from the heart?
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 2

21. The Circle of Willis is a structure located: a. between the intestines and the kidney b. at the base of the brain c. in and around the fetal heart d. in the cervical region e. at the junction between the lymphatic and venous systems
22. Blood in the venous system is largely driven back to the heart because of: a. the squeezing or "milking" action of skeletal muscles b. the contraction of the heart ventricles c. the squeezing action of the lymphatic system d. contraction of one-way valves e. gravity and capillary action
23. Under what circumstances would you expect the precapillary sphincters in body tissues to be open? a. when it is cold outside b. when it is hot outside c. when you are hungry d. when you are thirsty e. when you are excited
24. A "portal system" (as seen in the hepatic portal system) is one in which: a. oxygenated blood is transported to an area where it is deoxygenated b. deoxygenated blood is transported to an area where it is oxygenated c. blood can flow by many different routes between two organ systems d. blood flows between two capillary beds e. blood flows from any source organ to any target organ in the body
25. Systolic blood pressure can best be measured immediately after: a. the right atrium only contracts b. the left atrium only contracts c. the two atria together contract d. the two ventricles together contract e. the right ventricle only contracts
26. Interstitial (intracellular) fluid in the tissues is pushed back into the venous-side capillaries in a capillary bed because: a. systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure b. diastolic pressure is greater than systolic pressure c. tissue osmotic pressure is greater than blood pressure d. blood pressure is greater than tissue osmotic pressure e. blood osmotic pressure is greater than tissue osmotic pressure
27. The diagram at the right shows all the major structures belonging to a body system. What would be expected to be contained within the fluid of this system? a. lymphocytes, cellular debris, and possibly bacteria and viruses b. eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes c. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma d. lymphocytes and erythrocytes e. Peyer's patches and tonsils
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 3

28. Vasodilation refers to: a. the difference in the diameter of arteries and veins b. an increase in the diameter of blood vessels c. an increase in the diameter of the respiratory passages d. a decrease in capillary permeability e. the attraction of phagocytotic cells to a site of inflammation
29. "Opsonization by complement proteins" refers to: a. the forming of transmembrane channels in a target cell b. the release of perforins that cause target cell lysis c. the agglutination of antigens to facilitate phagocytosis d. the neutralization of antigens to prevent their activity e. the coating of foreign cells and substances to facilitate phagocytosis
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------
Matching. Match the description on the left with the term on the right. If the answer has more than one letter, like
"abc", fill in "a" AND "b" AND "c" on your answer sheet for that question.
30. The attraction of neutrophils and macrophages to an inflammatory
site through the broadcasting of chemical signals a. clonal selection b. T cell "education" c. thymus
31. The organ that filters and removes old erythrocytes from the
blood stream.
32. The change in the body that results from certain bacterial toxins, d. antigen e. IgM ab. IgG ac. IgD released during phagocytosis at an inflammatory site, which travel through ad. innate immunity the blood and initiate a response from the hypothalamus. ae. lymph node
33. The isolation and subsequent massive duplication of a specific B cell bc. spleen bd. fever in response to the presence of antigen or activation by a T helper cell.
34. The type of body defense against invading pathogens in which circulating antibodies, made from stimulated B cells, destroy invaders.
35. The class of antibodies that circulate in the body after exposure to antigen, especially at the peak of the primary response. be. chemotaxis cd. diapedesis ce. passive immunity de. humoral immunity
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------
III IV
36. In the diagram of the immunoglobulin to the right, which regions interact directly with the antigen? a. I and VI b. II and V c. III and IV d. only region I
II V e. only region V
37. In the diagram of the immunoglobulin to the right, which of the following choices indicates antibody structures composed of only constant regions?
I VI a. I and VI b. II and V c. III and IV d. only region I e. only region V
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 4

38. Memory B cells are important in which one of the following processes? a. the inflammatory reaction b. phagocytosis c. the secondary immune response of the humoral system d. histamine release e. the primary immune response of the humoral system
39. The bundle branches (Bundle of His) in the heart are most directly connected to: a. the sinoatrial node b. the atrioventricular node c. the left atrium d. the aortic valve e. the central nervous system
40. The muscle of the heart receives oxygenated blood most directly from the: a. right and left brachial arteries b. right and left radial arteries c. right and left coronary arteries d. right and left carotid arteries e. right and left femoral arteries
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 5

BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 6

BIOS 160 Exam II Name
A. 4 pts. Name two of the three different chemical types of hormones found in the human body.
1.
2.
B. 4 pts. Name the most specific type of cell in the human body which fits the following descriptions:
1) Dark blue-staining, kidney-shaped nucleus; agranular; later matures into a macrophage:
2) Dark blue nucleus, pale-blue cytoplasm; acts an intermediary between an antigen-
presenting macrophage and the activation of B and certain T cells:
C. 2 pts. Name the innermost serous membrane enclosing the heart:
D. 6 pts. Explain the differences between 1) the wall thickness and 2) the size of the lumen (interior) of an artery and a vein. Then explain why arteries and veins have these differences.
E. 4 pts. Describe one of the mechanical barriers and one of the chemical barriers that are part of the nonspecific (innate) defense system.
Mechanical barrier:
Chemical barrier:
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 7

First three letters of last name
BIOS 160 Exam III pg. 8