A Tour of the Cell, Part I
CHAPTER 4
Microscopes as Windows on Cells
o Types of Microscopes
o Magnification and Resolution
 Categories of Cells
 Features of Prokaryotic Cells
 Features of Eukaryotic Cells
o Membrane Structure
o Nucleus and Ribosomes
o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Two Types of Cells Make Up Living Things
Prokaryotic cells
• Small size (1-10 micrometers)
• Single, circular chromosome
• No nucleus (DNA in a nucleoid)
• Simple construction (no
organelles)
• Cell wall usually present (murein)
Eukaryotic Cells
• Larger size (10-100 micrometers)
• Multiple linear chromosomes
• Nucleus present
• Complex construction, many
membrane-wrapped organelles
• Cell wall sometimes present
Cell Membrane
Phospholipid
bilayer
Prokaryotic Cell (Archea and Eubacteria)
Chromosome
Cytoplasm
Reproduces by binary fission
Plant Cell (Eukaryote)
Central vacuole –
garbage dump and
internal support
Cytoskeleton microtubules form
internal framework to
hold up cell
Mitochondrion –
Energy conversion
powerhouse
Chloroplast –
Food production
factory
Cell wall –
external
structural
support
Nucleus –
Library for
Information
storage
Golgi Body –
shipping and packaging
factory
Cell membrane –
Barrier with selective gates
Ribosomes
Protein making
machines
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)—
Subway system and lipid factory
Cytoplasm –
liquid interior
for chemical
reactions
Reproduces by mitosis or meiosis
Animal Cell (Eukaryote)
LysosomeDismantling and Garbage Service
Cell membrane
Centrioles
Rope-making factory
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Golgi Body
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Reproduces by mitosis or meiosis
Test Diagram of a Cell