English 101
Review for the Take-Home Final
Monday, June 15: We will go over the notes on this page. Bring all your questions about the
final!
Note: the numbers below correspond with the number of the question on the final.
1. Introducing a quotation with a short signal phrase.
 What does the signal phrase contain?
 What punctuation goes before the quotation?
 What does the parenthetical page citation contain?
 Does the end punctuation go inside the quotation marks or after the
parenthetical page citation?
2. Introducing a quotation with a full sentence of your own.
 What punctuation mark goes between your sentence and the quotation?
 Is there a period after your sentence and before the quotation?
3. Independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions.
 An independent clause contains a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a
sentence.
 The coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.
 A comma goes before a coordinating conjunction introducing an independent
clause.
 Tip: Don’t make your sentence too complicated; just fulfill the requirements of
the question.
4. Dependent clauses and subordinating conjunctions.
 A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb and has a subordinating
conjunction at the beginning. If you took away the subordinating conjunction, it
would stand alone as a sentence and thus be an independent clause.
 Here is a partial list of subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, as soon
as, because, before, even though, if, in case, now that, since, though, unless,
until, when, whenever, whether, whether or not, while.
 When the dependent clause comes first in the sentence, a comma follows it. (No
comma between clauses if the dependent clause come after the independent
clause.)
 Tip: Don’t make your sentence too complicated; just fulfill the requirements of
the question.
5. Colons.
 Trimble discusses colons on pages 140-143.
 Since a colon means the same thing as “that is,” “namely,” “the following,” “as
follows,” or “including,” it is redundant when you use these words with a colon.
Edit them out and use the colon instead.
 A colon must always have a complete sentence on its left. On a colon’s right can
be a full sentence or a list.
6. and 7. Semi-colons.


Trimble discusses colons on pages 121-126.
One use of semi-colons is to join two independent clauses.
 A second use of semi-colons is to separate items in a list or series when these
items are long and especially when they contain commas.
8. Dashes.
 Trimble discusses dashes on pages 134-140.
 To create a dash, type two hyphens. Do not type any spaces before or after the
hyphens.
9. Hyphens.
 Trimble discusses hyphens on pages 143-145.
 Look especially at his “Wrong” and “Right” columns on page 143.
 When two or more words are meant to be joined together to modify a noun, put
a hyphen between them.
 Do not type any spaces before or after the hyphen.
10. Analogies.
 When one thing is like another, use the same grammatical form for both of
them.
 Thus, because “Completing this final” is like another thing, that other thing
should also be in this form: verb-ing a or the _____________.