Chapter 14. Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements
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14.1Hydrogen, the Simplest Atom
o Where Hydrogen Fits in the Periodic Table
o Highlights of Hydrogen Chemistry
14.2Trends Across the Periodic Table: The Period 2 Elements
14.3Group 1A(1): The Alkali Metals
o Why the Alkali Metals Are Unusual Physically
o Why the Alkali Metals Are So Reactive
14.4Group 2A(2): The Alkaline Earth Metals
o How the Alkaline Earth and Alkali Metals Compare Physically
o How the Alkaline Earth and Alkali
o Metals Compare Chemically
o Diagonal Relationships: Lithium and Magnesium
14.5Group 3A(13): The Boron Family
o How Transition Elements Influence This Group's Properties
o Features That First Appear in This Group's Chemical Properties
o Highlights of Boron Chemistry
o Diagonal Relationships: Beryllium and Aluminum
14.6Group 4A(14): The Carbon Family
o How Type of Bonding Affects Physical Properties
o How Bonding Changes in This Group's Compounds
o Highlights of Carbon Chemistry
o Highlights of Silicon Chemistry
o Diagonal Relationships: Boron and Silicon
14.7Group 5A(15): The Nitrogen Family
o The Wide Range of Physical Behavior
o Patterns in Chemical Behavior
o Highlights of Nitrogen Chemistry
o Highlights of Phosphorus Chemistry
14.8Group 6A(16): The Oxygen Family
o How the Oxygen and Nitrogen Families Compare Physically
o How the Oxygen and Nitrogen Families Compare Chemically
o Highlights of Oxygen Chemistry
o Highlights of Sulfur Chemistry
14.9Group 7A(17): The Halogens
o Physical Behavior of the Halogens
o Why the Halogens Are So Reactive
o Highlights of Halogen Chemistry
14.10Group 8A(18): The Noble Gases
o How the Noble Gases and Alkali Metals Contrast Physically
o How Noble Gases Can Form Compounds
Concepts and Skills to Review Before You Study This Chapter
1.
acids, bases, and salts (Section 4.4)
2.
redox behavior and oxidation states (Section 4.5)
3.
electron configurations (Section 8.2)
4.
trends in atomic size, ionization energy, metallic behavior, and electronegativity (Sections 8.3, 8.4, and 9.5)
5.
trends in element properties and type of bonding (Sections 8.4 and 9.5)
6.
models of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding (Sections 9.2, 9.3, 9.6, and 12.6)
7.
resonance and formal charge (Section 10.1)
8.
molecular shape and polarity (Sections 10.2 and 10.3)
9.
orbital hybridization and modes of orbital overlap (Sections 11.1 and 11.2)
10.
phase changes and phase diagrams, intermolecular forces, and crystalline solids (Sections 12.2, 12.3, and
12.6)