Study Guide for Exam 3.
Biol 1406.
Chapters 9, 10, and 11, 12
Chapter 9:
1) What is the hereditaty material for all cells?
2) Grifith’s experiment: organism used, purpose, method, conclusions.
3) How are DNA, genes, and chromosomes related?
4) Where are genes located?
5) What are the components of DNA?
6) What are the bases present in DNA?
7) What are the bases present in RNA?
8) What was the result of Chargaff experiments?
9) What is a nucleotide and what is it made of?
10) What was the experiment of Wilkins and Franklin, and what were their
conclusions?
11) What is the structure of the DNA? What are the bonds between complementary
strands? What is the backbone of the structure? What binds nucleotides in the
same chain?
12) What does it mean when we say that DNA replication is semiconservative?
13) What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication and what is their specific
function?
14) What is the enzyme that proofreads DNA? How many mistakes makes on
average?
15) What causes errors in DNA replication? Common examples
Chapter 10:
16) What in DNA determines the primary structure of a protein?
17) What is the central dogma of molecular biology, regarding the production of
proteins?
18) How are DNA and RNA different?
19) How many types of RNA exist?
20) What is a codon and how many nucleotides includes? How many possible codons
can be form with 4 different bases?
21) What is the correspondence of bases between DNA and RNA?
22) What is transcription?
23) What is translation?
24) What is a promoter?
25) What is an anticodon? What does it code for?
26) What are the components of a ribosome? What are the names of the parts of a
ribosome?
27) How are amino acids connected in polypeptide chain?
28) What is a Bar Body?
29) What is RNA splicing? What are introns and exons?
Chapter 11:
30) What is the genetic material in Bacteria?
31) How do bacteria divide?
32) What is mitosis? What cells undergo mitosis?
33) What are the stages of the cell cycle? What happens in each? Which one last the
longest?
34) What are the stages of mitosis? What happens in each
35) What is diploid?
36) What is haploid?
37) What is a somatic or a sex cell? How many chromosomes do they have in a
human?
38) What are the parts of a chromosome?
39) What are homologous chromosomes?
40) What are sister chromatids?
41) What is cytokinesis?
42) What is sexual reproduction? What are the consequences of sexual reproduction?
43) What is meiosis and which cells can undergo meiosis?
44) What happens during crossing over? When does it take place?
Chapter 12.
1. Define gene. Define allele. Define locus
2. What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
3. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
4. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous individuals?
5. be able to do a monohybrid cross, and dihybrid cross
6. What is a test cross?
7. What are the common phenotypic ratios of generation 2 (F2) from a classic
monohybrid cross? What are those from a classic dehybrid cross?
8. Explain Mendel’s Law of Segregation and its genetic basis.
9. Explain Mendel’s Law of Independent assortment and its genetic basis.
10. Define incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, codominance, pleiotropy,
multiple alleles, sex linked genetics, and epistasis. Give examples of each one.
11. How is the ABO blood type inherited?
12. What is the difference between autosomes and sex-chromosomes?
13. What are the common syndromes derived from non-disjunction of sexual
chromosomes? Of autosomes?