FINAL EXAM BIOL 1406
Remote ______
Name ______________________________
1. Organisms that can extract energy from light
are called __________; organisms that must
obtain energy from molecules made by other
organisms are called __________.
a. herbivores, carnivores
b. photosynthetic, herbivores
c. heterotroph, autotroph
d. autotroph, heterotroph
2. The organic complexity and organization
characteristic of living organisms depends on
the periodic capture of raw materials and
energy. Ultimately, the source of these materials
and energy is __________.
a. metabolism
b. photosynthesis
c. the sun
d. other life-forms
3. Which of the following terms includes all of
the others?
a. molecule
b. atom
c. subatomic particle
d. electron
4. The diversity of life is mainly due to
__________.
a. atoms
b. genetic variation
c. prokaryotic cells
d. organ systems
5. Carbohydrates are a class of biological
molecules that include __________.
a. sugars and polymers of
sugars
b. ring-shaped molecules that
are soluble in water
c. monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and
polysaccharides
d. components of DNA and RNA
e. All of the above.
6. Saturated fats __________.
a. have no double covalent
bonds
b. are solid at room temperature
c. contain the maximum number
of hydrogen atoms possible
d. Both the first and second
answers above are correct.
e. The first, second, and third
answers above are correct.
7. Phospholipids contain a "head group" that is
_________ and two fatty acid "tails" that are
__________.
a. hydrophobic, hydrophilic
b. hydrophilic, hydrophobic
c. hydrolyzed, nonhydrolyzed
d. hydrophilic, hydrophilic
8. Proteins are polymers of __________.
a. peptides
b. amino acids
c. nucleotides
d. sugars
9. A nucleotide is composed of __________.
a. a sugar and a phosphate
group
b. a phosphate group and a
nitrogen-containing base
c. a sugar and a nitrogencontaining base
d. a sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nitrogen-containing base
10. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
__________.
a. an area of higher
concentration of that type of
molecule to an area of lower
concentration
b. an area of lower
concentration of that type of
molecule to an area of higher
concentration
c. outside the cell to inside the
cell
11. What is the difference between active
transport and passive transport?
a. Passive transport involves the
movement of substances
directly through the lipid portion
of a membrane. Active transport
requires an input of energy,
whereas passive transport does
not.
b. Active transport requires
energy and is unable to move
substances against their
concentration gradient. Passive
transport does not require
energy and can move
substances against their
concentration gradient.
c. Active transport requires
energy and can move
substances against their
concentration gradient. Passive
transport does not require
energy and can move
substances only down their
concentration gradient.
12. The cell theory states that __________.
a. cells are generally small to
allow for diffusion
b. all cells contain cytoplasm
c. cells are either prokaryotes or
eukarotes
d. all living things are composed
of cells
e. all cells arise from organic
molecules such as DNA
13. Chromosomes consist of __________.
a. DNA
b. proteins
c. RNA
d. proteins and RNA
e. proteins and DNA
14. Sorting and modification of proteins is an
important function of __________.
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplasts
c. lysosomes
d. the Golgi complex
e. the plasma membrane
15. Prokaryotic cells __________.
a. are large cells, typically
greater than 10 mm in diameter
b. include numerous membraneenclosed structures known as
organelles
c. possess a single strand of
DNA, but no definable
membrane-enclosed nucleus
d. all of the above
16. The laws of thermodynamics define the
properties and behavior of energy. The first law
states that energy __________.
a. equals mass times the speed
of light, squared (that is, E =
mc2)
b. can be created by
thermonuclear explosions
c. cannot be created or
destroyed but can be changed
from one form into another
d. is the basic structure of the
universe
17. In endergonic reactions, __________.
a. the reactants have more
potential energy than the
products
b. energy is released
c. a net input of energy is not
required
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
18. Activation energy __________.
a. is required for endergonic
reactions
b. is produced by exergonic
reactions
c. is required for all chemical
reactions
d. is produced by chemical
reactions
19. A substance that is acted upon by an
enzyme to produce a product is called a(n)
__________.
a. allosteric inhibitor
b. coenzyme
c. substrate
d. electron carrier
20. In most land plants, photosynthesis occurs in
cells of the __________ of the leaves, because
these cells contain the largest numbers of
chloroplasts.
a. epidermis
b. stomata
c. cuticle
d. mesophyll
e. vascular bundles
21. What is photorespiration?
a. Photorespiration is the
process by which plants
produce energy at night.
b. Photorespiration is the
process by which plant cells
cool off in hot climates.
c. Photorespiration is the
process that prevents sugar
production in C3 plants when
CO2 levels are low and O2 levels
are high.
d. Photorespiration is the
process by which plants capture
light energy and convert it into
ATP.
22. During photosynthesis, electrons are
continuously lost from the reaction center of
photosystem II. What source is used to replace
these electrons?
a. sunlight
b. oxygen
c. water
d. carbon dioxide
23. Glycolysis is __________.
a. the breakdown of starch to
form glucose
b. the synthesis of glucose from
two molecules of pyruvate
c. the breakdown of glucose to
form two molecules of pyruvate
d. the synthesis of fats in
mitochondria
e. the lysis of glucose in
chloroplasts
24. Photosynthesis and glucose metabolism are
related because __________.
a. the products of
photosynthesis are the raw
materials for glucose
metabolism
b. the products of glucose
metabolism are the raw
materials for photosynthesis
c. the products of
photosynthesis are the same as
the products of glucose
metabolism
d. the raw materials of
photosynthesis are the same as
the raw materials of glucose
metabolism
e. Both the first and second
answers are correct.
25. Except for eggs and sperm, different cells in
your body are different because they have
different ________
a. DNA
b. chromosomes
c. proteins
26. The sugars and phosphates in the
"backbone" of a DNA strand are held together
by ________.
a. covalent bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. ionic bonds
27. Select the pairings of nucleotides
determined by Chargaff's investigations.
a. adenine-guanine / cytosinethymine
b. deoxyribose-phosphate /
adenine-cytosine
c. thymine-adenine / guaninecytosine
28. The process of RNA synthesis is called
__________.
a. transcription
b. translation
c. replication
d. mutation
29. In mammals, males have one X
chromosome and one Y chromosome and
females have two X chromosomes. How is the
expression of genes on the X chromosome
regulated so that there is equal expression of
genes on the X chromosome in males and
females?
a. One X chromosome in
females is inactivated so that
females have only a single X
chromosome capable of
transcription.
b. The genes on the X
chromosome in males are
transcribed twice as fast as in
females.
c. All of the X chromosomes are
inactivated so that no genes are
expressed from the X
chromosome in either males or
females.
d. The Y chromosome contains
balancing genes that help to
raise the levels of mRNA
produced by the X chromosome
in males
30. ____________________ consists of three
bases. Each of these either initiates or stops
translation or specifies a particular amino acid in
DNA translation.
a. Polymerase
b. DNA
c. Cells
d. Codon
31. Which of the following events occurs during
the interphase portion of the eukaryotic cell
cycle?
a. cytokinesis
b. DNA replication
c. chromosome condensation
d. metaphase
32. Which of the following correctly lists the
order of the stages during mitosis?
a. metaphase, telophase,
anaphase, prophase
b. anaphase, prophase,
metaphase, telophase.
c. prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
d. telophase, metaphase,
anaphase, prophase
33. Which of the following is NOT a function of
mitosis in a multicellular organism?
a. growth from a fertilized egg
b. replacement of damaged
cells
c. maintenance of tissues
d. production of gametes
34. Alternate forms of a particular gene are
called __________; they arise as a result of
__________.
a. alleles, meiosis
b. mutations, mitosis
c. alleles, mutation
d. clones, sexual reproduction
35. A Punnett square is __________.
a. a method of crossing pea
plants
b. a chart that can help you
keep track of the alleles during
genetic crosses
c. named after an Augustinian
monk in Brno, Moravia
(currently part of the Czech
Republic)
36. If a gene has alleles that are incompletely
dominant, an individual that is heterozygous at
this locus will have characteristics that are
__________.
a. the same as organisms that
are homozygous for the
recessive allele
b. the same as organisms that
are homozygous for the
dominant allele
c. intermediate between
organisms that are homozygous
for the recessive allele and
organisms that are homozygous
for the dominant allele
40. A single gene capable of influencing multiple
phenotypes within a single organism is said to
be __________.
37. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive trait. Imagine
that your friend Roger has cystic fibrosis but that
his parents do not. What do you know about
Roger's alleles and those of his parents at the
cystic fibrosis locus of their DNA?
41. Structures that may differ in function but that
have similar anatomy, presumably because of
descent from common ancestors, are called
______.
a. This information is insufficient
to allow me to conclude
anything about the cystic
fibrosis alleles in the DNA of
Roger's parents.
b. This information is insufficient
to allow me to conclude
anything about the cystic
fibrosis alleles in Roger’s DNA.
c. Roger is heterozygous and
his parents are homozygous at
the cystic fibrosis locus.
d. Roger is homozygous and his
parents are heterozygous at the
cystic fibrosis locus.
38. In many cases, conditions that occur more
frequently in males than in females are due to
sex-linked inheritance. Male pattern baldness is
more common in males than in females, but that
is not because of sex-linked inheritance.
Suggest a possible explanation.
a. An important gene for hair
development must be on the X
chromosome.
b. An important gene for hair
development must be on the Y
chromosome.
c. Male hormones affect
expression of an important hair
development gene.
39. If a plant is true-breeding for a flower color, it
is __________ for the flower-color gene.
a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c. dominant
a. codominant for that gene
b. incompletely dominant for
that gene
c. polygenic for that gene
d. pleiotropic for that gene
a. analogous structures
b. homologous structures
c. vestigial structures
42. Structures that serve no apparent purpose
but are homologous to functional structures in
related organisms are called _______.
a. analogous structures
b. homologous structures
c. vestigial structures
43. Structures that have similar functions and
superficially similar appearance but very
different anatomy, such as the wings of insects
and birds, are called _________. The similarities
are due to similar environmental pressures
rather than to common ancestry.
a. analogous structures
b. homologous structures
c. vestigial structures
44. Which of the following lines of evidence
support(s) the idea that evolution occurs?
a. the fossil record
b. genetic and biochemical
analyses
c. comparative anatomy and
embryology
d. artificial selection
e. all of the above
45. Which of the following is a basic requirement
for natural selection to be an effective
evolutionary force?
a. Mutation must occur
frequently.
b. Individuals reproduce at a
rapid rate.
c. Each population is limited to a
small size.
d. A population exhibits some
genetic variability.
e. all of the above
46. Which of the following is an incorrect
statement about mutation?
a. Mutation introduces variation
into a population.
b. Mutations can be inherited
from parents to offspring.
c. Mutations may have no effect
on the organism.
d. Mutations that are favored by
selection are more likely to
occur.
47. Natural selection acts on
____________________, while evolution occurs
in ________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
individual organisms; populations
separate organisms; populations
single cell organisms; species
individual organisms; families
48. Which of the following is a mechanism or
cause of evolution?
a. mutation
b. gene flow
c. genetic drift
d. natural selection
e. all of the above
49. Selection against individuals at both ends of
a phenotypic distribution for a character,
favoring those in the middle or average of the
distribution, is an example of __________.
a. kin selection
b. sexual selection
c. directional selection
d. disruptive selection
e. stabilizing selection
50. Which of the following is a premating
reproductive isolating mechanism?
a. ecological isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. behavioral isolation
d. mechanical incompatibility
e. all of the above