GOVT 2301
Fall 2002
Make-Up Exam #2
ESSAY QUESTION. Answer the following question in a thorough essay. Organize your essay
around a thesis statement. Include an introduction, separate paragraphs developing your
supporting arguments, and a conclusion. A complete answer is one that addresses all parts of
the question. Write complete sentences and pay attention to spelling, grammar, and word
choice. Do NOT assume that “the instructor will know what you mean.” 40 points.
1. Why did bicameralism, separation of powers, checks & balances, and federalism become
prominent structural features of the Constitution? Explain the basic premises of each.
Provide examples to illustrate your points.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS. Answer the following questions in a paragraph (a separate
paragraph for each question). Do NOT answer specific parts as separate items. Integrate
your responses into a well-organized, well-constructed paragraph. A complete answer is one
that addresses all parts of the question. Write complete sentences and pay attention to
spelling, grammar, and word choice. Do NOT assume that “the instructor will know what you
mean.” 15 points each/30 points total.
1. Identify and discuss the original (or Madisonian) dilemma of government. Identify and
discuss the modern dilemma of government.
2. Why was a bill of rights not originally included in the Constitution? Explain Madison’s
original position that a bill of rights was both unnecessary and undesirable. Why was a bill
of rights added later?
IDENTIFICATION ITEMS. Define and identify the importance of the terms in ten (10) of the
pairs below. These items can generally be answered in two or three sentences. Students
should go beyond simple definitions of the terms or concepts to say why each is important.
Your answer should be written to demonstrate your familiarity with and understanding of both
terms or concepts in each pair. You should explain why the two are juxtaposed. The fact that
two items are paired together does not necessarily imply that they are opposites. The items
may be complementary concepts. 3 points each/30 points total.
[example] Article I, sec. 8:18 vs. 10th Amendment – Article I, sec 8:18 implies that the national government has
powers beyond those that are expressly delegated in the Constitution while the 10th Amendment reserves for the
states any powers not delegated by the Constitution to the national government. These provisions reflect the
competing political philosophies of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists respectively. Whereas the Constitution
reflects these two competing philosophies, the question of how constitutional powers are divided between the two
levels of government must be resolved by judicial interpretation.
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political ideology vs. political culture
rule of law vs. equal justice under law
equality of opportunity vs. equality of outcomes (results)
social contract theory vs. limited government
civil order vs. political order
pluralism vs. elitism
liberal democracy vs. social democracy
unitary system vs. confederacy
writ of habeas corpus vs. ex post facto law
James Madison vs. Montesquieu
John Locke vs. Thomas Jefferson
long ballot vs. constitutional referenda