Considerations in Managing Multiple Systems Trauma Temple College EMS Professions ECA Multi-Systems Trauma Dead rescuers can’t help anyone • Survey scene initially on every call • Be aware of your surroundings Multi-Systems Trauma The most dramatic injury usually is NOT the most dangerous Priorities for management: • • • • Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Multi-Systems Trauma Noisy breathing = Obstructed breathing But all obstructed breathing is NOT noisy Multi-Systems Trauma Anticipate airway problems in all patients with trauma to: • • • • Head Face Neck Upper Thorax Multi-Systems Trauma Restlessness, decreased LOC = Hypoxia until proven otherwise Oxygenate, Look for cause Multi-Systems Trauma Cyanosis is late, unreliable sign of hypoxia Don’t treat cyanosis, prevent it If you even THINK about giving oxygen - GIVE IT!! Multi-Systems Trauma Oxygen is useless if patient isn’t ventilating Danger Signs • Respirations <10 • Respirations >24 • Decreased tidal volume • Labored breathing Multi-Systems Trauma Assist ventilations with O2 Then look for cause If you can’t tell whether patient is ventilating adequately, he isn’t! Multi-Systems Trauma Restlessness, anxiety With pallor, tachycardia, or slow capillary refill = SHOCK Multi-Systems Trauma Anticipate shock in all seriously injured patients Falling BP = Late sign of shock Don’t treat a falling BP - Prevent It!! Multi-Systems Trauma If shock present without external bleeding, think: • • • • • Thoracic or abdominal bleed Pelvic fracture Multiple long bone fractures Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Multi-Systems Trauma Isolated head trauma does NOT cause decreased BP in adults Look for injuries of: • • • • Chest Abdomen Pelvis Major long bones Multi-Systems Trauma Most reliable indicator of severity of injury, effectiveness of resuscitation = Level Of Consciousness Think hypoxia, hypoperfusion, hypoglycemia, head trauma BEFORE alcohol, drugs, or personality Multi-Systems Trauma Neurological findings may “rule in” spinal injury Absence of neurological findings NEVER “rules out” spinal injury Key to diagnosis = Mechanism Multi-Systems Trauma If you THINK about immobilizing spine DO IT!! If you immobilize part of spine, immobilize WHOLE spine Multi-Systems Trauma Until proven otherwise: • Chest trauma involves heart, great vessels! • Chest trauma below fourth intercostal space involves abdomen! • Abdominal trauma above umbilicus involves chest! Multi-Systems Trauma Gunshot wound severity cannot be assessed in field Until proven otherwise, patient with gunshot wound is shot everywhere! Multi-Systems Trauma Orthopedic injury usually NOT life-threat Exceptions: • Pelvic fracture • Femur fractures Assess, treat proximal to distal Multi-Systems Trauma Extremity trauma = Neurovascular involvement until proven otherwise Assess, record, report: • • • • Pulses Capillary refill Skin color, temperature Motor, sensory function Multi-Systems Trauma KILLERS are trauma to: • Head • Chest • Abdomen Multi-Systems Trauma When in doubt, SPLINT! Don’t waste time on individual injuries if ABC’s compromised Securing patient to long board immobilizes entire body Multi-Systems Trauma Avulsed, amputated parts should be: • Kept cool • Transported with patient But don’t hold unstable patient in field looking for parts Multi-Systems Trauma If you don’t know the diagnosis. . . treat the signs and symptoms Open, clear, maintain airway Maximize oxygenation, ventilation Maximize perfusion Multi-Systems Trauma Definitive Treatment = Surgeon’s Knife Trying to field-stabilize unstable trauma = Ultimate Stabilization DEATH Multi-Systems Trauma Minimum time on scene Maximum treatment in route Multi-Systems Trauma Patient MUST go to facility able to continue care appropriately Closest facility, facility preferred by family is NOT necessarily most appropriate