Digital Accessibility in Higher and Further Education Conference 2016 Unlocking
Student Potential in Higher & Further Education
What Happens Next?
The Employment Prospects
of STEM Graduates
Peter Olaf LOOMS
Thursday 7 April 2016
British Computer Society
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The question
What actions
can universities take
to enhance
the employability of
STEM graduates
that have disabilities?
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The topics I would like to address
What is the current situation?
The employment prospects
for persons with disabilities
What do we currently do?
A case story: Kyle Schwaneke
What options do we have?
Actions for enhancing
employment prospects
in higher and further education
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What is the current situation?
What do we mean
by ‘disabilities’?
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Disabilities
Body functions & structure
Impairment
User
Source:
WHO (2001) The International Classifcation of Functioning. Disability and Health. Geneva, World Health Organization
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Disabilities
The user experience from start to finish in HFE?
Building on existing strengths?
Body functions & structure
User
Participation
Capabilities
Activity
(actions & tasks)
Environment
Contextual accessibility?
Access
Provisions
Task
Source:
figure
based
on
WHO
(2001)
The
International
Classifcation of Functioning. Disability and Health. Geneva, World Health Organization
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Which disabilities?
(impairments)
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Blindness
Impaired
Sight
Neurodiversity
Impaired
Cognition
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Impaired
Hearing
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Deafne
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Mobility
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Impaired
Dexterity/
Mobility
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Which disabilities?
(impairments)
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Deafne
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Blindness
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Mobility
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Prevalence of disabilities
in official statistics
16-20%
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A case story:
Deafness and impaired hearing
Persons who were born deaf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6DHhM4PgVA
Persons who become deaf
Sir George Martin, producer of The Beatles
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Danish study of hearing loss (2012)
activity and participation restrictions
21%
26%
Source: Looms, Peter Olaf (2013). Chapter 10. Standardization of Audiovisual Media Accessibility
From vision to reality in: Pradipta Biswas, Carlos Duarte, Luis Almeida, Pat Langdon and Christoph Jung (Editors) A
Multimodal End-2-End approach to Accessible Computing. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
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Hearing loss (WHO)
millon have
millon don’t have
100% ≈ 7.2 billion people
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Unemployment (18-65)
Working population
EU: unemployment
UN fact sheet 1: Employment of persons with disabilities
DPI/2486 November 2007
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Unemployment (18-65)
Persons with disabilities
EU: unemployment 2-3 times greater
UN fact sheet 1: Employment of persons with disabilities
DPI/2486 November 2007
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Inclusion
Source http://willedward.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/friends-milkshakes.jpg
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Exclusion
Source http://intentblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ngtempacienciacomigo.jpg
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Exclusion
Source: http://www.worldvision.org/wv/news/Syria-war-refugee-crisis-FAQ
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The challenge
Deafne
ss
Motor
Blindness
Source: http://www.benotable.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Social-Medical1-e1413328260252.png
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From exclusion to inclusion
The hierarchy of digital accessibility
inclusion
Identify,
prioritise,
eliminate
or mitigate
barriers
to inclusion
Digital literacy
Usability
Accessibility
Affordability
Availability
exclusion
Source: LI, Dongxiao and Peter Looms (2012) based on inputs from WHO/World Bank (2011)
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Post HFE: the current options
Sheltered employment
persons with disabilities work in a
segregated environment under
supervision.
Supported employment
persons with disabilities supported
throughout the job-seeking process aiming
for employment with competitive wages.
Customised employment
person-centred approach starting with
Source: Gottlieb A, Myhill WN, Blanck P. (2010). Employment of People with Disabilities. In: JH Stone, M Blouin, editors.
needs, aspirations, talents and skills.
International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation. Available online: http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/123/
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Cost - Benefit
Cost of exclusion
- societal
- economic
- quality of life
- cost of digital
accessibility in HFE
- cost of employment
actions for PWD
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Cost - Benefit
Benefits of
inclusion
- societal
- employers
- persons with
disabilities
- benefits of digital
accessibility in HFE
- benefits of
employment
actions for PWD
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The case of Kyle Schwaneke
Source: https://news.microsoft.com/stories/people/kyle-schwaneke.html
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The case of Kyle Schwaneke
primary and secondary
tertiary
Source: https://news.microsoft.com/stories/people/kyle-schwaneke.html
gamestu
dio
out of
work
x-box
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The case of Kyle Schwaneke
Barriers
availability - affordability - accessibility - usability digital literacy - ignorance of the problems & options
primary and secondary
tertiary
gamestu
dio
out of
work
x-box
Support actions
general awareness of human diversity as an asset, not a burden highlight what can be done - enhance social networks
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Actions for enhancing employment in
higher & further education
Barriers
availability - affordability - accessibility - usability digital literacy - ignorance of the problems & options
primary and secondary
tertiary
employment
• Sheltered employment• Supporte
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Actions for enhancing employment in
higher & further education
Barriers
availability - affordability - accessibility - usability digital literacy - ignorance of the problems & options
primary and secondary
tertiary
employment
Support actions
general awareness of human diversity as an asset & not a burden
student counseling - sustainable funding options - digital accessibility
for teaching/learning using standards (eg. W3C)
- test solutions university research (evidence for accessibility policy & strategy) awareness-building of university & HR staff
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Employment requires
digital accessibility
- and more...
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Identify, prioritise and
tackle the weakest links
in the user experience
at
educational institutions
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Resources (general)
Gottlieb A, Myhill WN, Blanck P. 2010. Employment of People with
Disabilities. In: JH Stone, M Blouin, editors. International
Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation. Available online:
http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/123/
ILO. Disability inclusion strategy and action plan 2014-17: a twintrack approach of mainstreaming and disability-specific actions /
International Labour Office. - Geneva: ILO, 2015 ISBN 978-922-129423-8 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-129424-5 (web pdf)
Sanchez, Jeannette. Moving towards disability inclusion: Stories
of change / International Labour Office. - Geneva: ILO, 2015
UN Unemployment Fact Sheets (2007)
www.un.org/disabilities/documents/toolaction/employmentfs.pdf
World Health Organization 2011. World report on disability 2011.
WHO & World Bank.
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/14440066/
w report-disability ISBN 978 92 4 156418 2
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Resources (media accessibility)
Looms, Peter Olaf. Mapping Digital Media: Gatekeeping in Digital Media. Open Society Institute Published
August 2011. http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/gatekeeping-digital-media
Looms, Peter Olaf. Making Television Accessible. November 2011. International Telecommunication
Union/G3ict, Geneva. Published as UCZYNIĆ TELEWIZJĘ DOSTĘPNĄ by the President of Poland in April,
2012 and in an abridged version by The Centre for Internet and Society, India in December, 2012. The
report is currently available in French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese and Russian, in addition to English (original
version) and Polish. Please download the relevant version:
http://g3ict.org/resource_center/publications_and_reports/p/productCategory_whitepapers/subCat_0/id_19
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Looms, Peter Olaf. Case histories on accessibility legislation in Argentina, Brazil, Chile in Narasimhan,
Nirmita. Making Mobile Phones and services accessible for Persons with disabilities. A joint report of ITU –
The International Telecommunication Union and G3ict – The global initiative for inclusive ICTs. August 2012
Looms, Peter Olaf (2013). Chapter 10. Standardization of Audiovisual Media Accessibility - From vision to
reality in: Pradipta Biswas, Carlos Duarte, Luis Almeida, Pat Langdon and Christoph Jung (Editors) A
Multimodal End-2-End approach to Accessible Computing. Springer Verlag.
Looms, Peter Olaf (2014) Making TV accessible in the 21st century. in Liu, Yu-li and Robert Picard (editors).
The Digital Media and New Media Platforms: Policy and Marketing Strategies. Routledge Press.
Li, Dongxiao and Looms, Peter Olaf (2014). Media Accessibility: Conception, Model and Designing.
Media Report Volume. 50, No.2, April 2014. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou, PRC.
China
Looms, Peter Olaf (2014). Online manual on media accessibility for decision-makers. ITU-T, International
Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland. Manuscript:
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/4655124/ITU_online_manual_for_decision-makers_V_1.01.doc
Li, Dongxiao and Looms, Peter Olaf (2015). Chapter 13. Television accessibility in China in: Pradipta Biswas,
Carlos Duarte, Luis Almeida, Pat Langdon and Christoph Jung (Editors) A Multimodal End-2-End approach to
Accessible Computing (second edition). Springer Verlag
Bitwas, Pradipta and Peter Olaf Looms (2016). From Disability to Capability: Strategies for
Reconciling Solutions for All. Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Second Edition, Taylor
& Francis. DOI: 10.1081/E-ECST2-120054033. (in press)
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Thank you!
Contact particulars:
Peter Olaf Looms
Ellesvinget 25
DK-2950 Vedbæk
Denmark
E: polooms@gmail.com
M: +45 51 56 75 46
Skype: pol-denmark
Wechat: peterolaflooms
Barrier-Free Digital Television
25 May 2011 European Commission
International
Telecommunication
Union
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