ACANT
HACEAE
eurosids I
rosids
magnoliids
monocots
core eudicots
eudicots
LAMIALES
Asterids with
• superior ovaries,
• leaves mostly opposite
• bilateral symmetry,
• stamens fewer than
petals
• fruit a capsule
Acanthaceae
Bignoniaceae
Byblidaceae
Carlemanniaceae
Cyclocheilaceae
Lamiaceae
Lentibulariaceae
Martyniaceae
Myoporaceae
Orobanchaceae
Paulowniaceae
Pedaliaceae
Phrymaceae
Plantaginaceae
Schlegeliaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Stilbaceae
Verbenaceae
Acanthaceae…
Lamiales with
•swelling above nodes
•opposite leaves
•cystoliths
•mismatched anthers
•jaculators
swelling above node
Justicia petiolaris
Ruellia drummondiana
Thunbergia alata (Black-eyed Susan)
Acanthus - type genus is Mediterranean
Acanthus in architecture: the Corinthian column
ACANTHACEAE (LAMIALES, EUASTERIDS I)
NUMBERS: 250 Gene ra, 2500 species
GEOGRAPHY: almost entirely tropical (common in gre enhouse s)
HABITAT: forest floors
ASTERIDAE CHARA CTERS: fused petals , two carpell ate gynoec ium, stamens equa l to
or fewer than petals , adna te to petals , disk present
LAMIALES CHARA CTERS: leave s opposite, bilaterally symmetrical flowers wit h
stamens fe wer than coroll a lobes, supe rior ova ry, fruit a capsule
CHARAC TERS DIAGNOSTIC OF FAMILY:
Habit mostly herb aceous
Stems swoll en above nod es.
Leave s sim ple, opposit e, cys tolit hs (sili cifie d bodies on a cellulose skeleton) comm on in
leave s
Flowers often sub tended by p romi nen t bracts
Coroll a five-lobed, various ly bila biate, or un il abiate
Stamens fou r or two, if two often w it h two staminod es, anthers often hav e offset or
mi ssing thec ae.
Fruit often exp losively dehiscent; Seeds with an enlarged and speciali zed funiculus, the
jaculator, (to project seed away from plant), lacking endo sperm (li ke Bignon ia ceae,
unli ke Scrophulariaceae)
Asystasia
house plants
Fittonia
Hypoestes phyllostachya
Hemigraphis
Tropical ornamentals
Justicia brandegeana, the red shrimp plant
Jacobinia
Odontonema
Odontonema tubiforme, Central America
Sanchezia
Tetramerium pasture weed
native forest plants
Aphelandra scabra
◊
Razisea - cloudforest
showpiece
Hansteinia
Avicennia - the
black mangrove
black mangrove roots grow up to the air, because they grow in salt
water
Mangroves are convergent.
Rhizophora mangle
Avicennia
Laguncularia
racemosa
Maytenus
phyllanthoides
Neotropical mangrove niche differentiation
Current
Angiosperm
Phylogeny
Group Tree
for Flowering
independent origins
of mangroves
white and button mangroves are
independently derived from within the
Combretaceae, Myrtales