Shairah Carpio
Tory Lamanivong
Grant Foster
Christine Zhang
Andrew Dao
What is OCD?
• Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are
experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and
inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or disturbance, as
intrusive and inappropriate and that caused marked anxiety or
distress.
• Thoughts, impulses, images not excessive worries about real – life
problems.
• A person who attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts,
impulse, images, or to neutralize them with other thought or action.
• A person who recognizes the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or
images , are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed without
as in thought insertion).
• (B) In the course of the disorder, the person recognizes that
obsessions or compulsions are excessive and unreasonable. (Not
applied to children)
• (C) Obsessions or compulsions marked by distress are time
consuming (take more than 1 Hour a day) or significant interference
with the normal person’s routine, academic functioning, etc…
• (D) If another Axis 1 disorder is present, content of the obsessions
or compulsions is not restricted to it (e.g. Preoccupation with food
in the presence of an eating disorder, hair pulling in presence of
Trichotillomania, etc…
• (E) Disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a
substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) of general medical
condition.
• With Poor Insight: Most of the time during a current episode, a
person will not recognize that obsessions or compulsions are
excessive or unreasonable.
Causes of OCD
-Family history: people with relatives that have OCD
are at a higher risk of developing this disorder,
although most people with this disorder don't have a
family history with OCD.
-An imbalance of the chemical serotonin in the brain
may contribute to the development of this disorder.
-Stressful, traumatic events like being the victim of
sexual abuse can increase the chances of developing
this disorder as an adult.
Other Relevant Information
• • OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions
and compulsions as irrational, and may become
further distressed by this realization
• OCD is the fourth most common mental disorder,
and is diagnosed as nearly as often as asthma
• Medications as treatment include selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine,
sertraline, and fluvoxamine and the tricyclic
antidepressants. These help regulate the excessive
anxiety and obsessive thoughts
• OCD affects children and adolescents and as well
as adults
What is PTSD?
A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were
present:
1. The person experiences, witnesses, or was confronted with an event or events that
involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of
self or others.
2. The person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness or horror. Note: This may be
expressed as disorganized of agitated behavior in children.
B. The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in one (or more) of the following ways:
1. Recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images,
thoughts, or perceptions.
2. Recurrent distressing dreams of the event.
3. Acting of felling as if traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the
experience, illusions, hallucinations, an dissociative flashback episodes, including those
that occur on awakening or when intoxicated).
4. Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or
resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
5. Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or
resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general
responsiveness Not present before the trauma), as indicated by three (or more)of the
following:
1. Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the trauma.
2. Efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the trauma.
3. Inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma.
4. Markedly diminished interest or participation is significant activities.
5. Feeling of detachment or estrangement from others
6. Restricted range of effect (e.g., unable to have loving feelings).
7. Sense of foreshortened future (e.g., doesn’t expect to have a career, children, etc…).
D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as indicated by the
following:
1. Insomnia
2. Irritability or outburst of anger
3. Difficulty concentrating
4. Hypervigilance
5. Exaggerated startle response
6. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in B,C,D) is more than one month.
7. Disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment, in social, occupational, and
other areas of functioning.
Acute: Symptoms lasting less than 3 months
Chronic: Symptoms lasting for more than 3 months
Delayed Onset: Symptoms lasting minimum 6 months after the stressor
Causes of PTSD
-Posttraumatic stress disorder can be caused by any
traumatic event such as being exposed to torture,
murder, kidnap, rape, death, abuse (physical or
emotional), etc. Other things that can cause PTSD
that may not be classified as traumatic events may
include things like divorce and unemployment.
-Risk of developing PTSD is increased as the
duration, severity, and number of traumatic events
in one's lifetime increases.
-People with learning disabilities and people that
experience violence in their homes are more at risk
of developing PTSD after a traumatic event.
Other Relevant Information
PTSD:
• Statistics regarding this illness indicate that approximately 7%-8%
of people in the United States will likely develop PTSD in their
lifetime, with the lifetime occurrence in combat veterans and rape
victims ranging from 10% to as high as 30%.
• Somewhat higher rates of this disorder have been found to occur in
African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans compared to
Caucasians in the United States
• Women are twice as likely as men to develop PTSD
• PTSD statistics in children and teens reveal that up to more than
40% have endured at least one traumatic event, resulting in the
development of PTSD in up to 15% of girls and 6% of boys
• Individuals who suffer from this illness are at risk of having more
medical problems, as well as trouble reproducing