Los Participios y las conjugaciones de Haber (el verbo compuesto/auxiliar)
1. Formation of the Participles
a.The past participle is formed by adding -ado or -ido.
b.The present participle is formed by adding –ando or –iendo.
C. The present participle is formed by adding yendo because the root ends in a vowel.
Infinitive
a. hablar
b. comer
b. vivir
c. leer
Past Participle
hablado, spoken
comido, eaten
vivido, lived
leido, read
Present Participle
hablando, speaking
comiendo, eating
viviendo, living
leyendo reading
2. The Verb haber ' to have,' is principally used as an auxiliary verb to form the compound tenses. It is
never used for tener to express possession.
3. The Present Perfect Tense. The present perfect tense is formed from the present indicative of haber
and the past participle.
he venido I have come, I came
has venido you have come, you came
ha venido he, she or you has come
hemos venido we have come
habéis venido you have come
han venido they or you have come
The use of the Spanish present perfect tense corresponds in general to that of the English present perfect,
but it may also be used for the Spanish past absolute, especially in referring to recent past action.
(Spanish past absolute)
Ayer lo ví (or lo he visto). I saw him yesterday
(Spanish present perfect)
He comprado dos caballos. I (have) bought two horses.
4. The first Past Perfect Indicative. The past descriptive indicative of haber is irregular: The past
perfect indicative is formed from the past descriptive indicative of haber and the past participle: It
corresponds in general to that of the English past perfect
había I had
habíamos we had
habías you had
habíais you all had
había s/he had
habían they or you all had
Todavía no había llegado cuando ví la casa.
I had not yet arrived when I saw the house.
a. The second past perfect indicative, formed from the past absolute of haber and the past participle,
is rarely used except after conjunctions of time.
hube I had
hubiste you had
hubo s/he or you had
hubimos we had
hubisteis you all had
hubieron they had or you all had
Cuando hubo hablado se sentaron. When he had spoken, they sat down.
5. Impersonal Use of haber. In the infinitive, participle, and third person singular, haber is used
impersonally with the meaning ' to be.’ Hay is used.
Aquí no hay sillas. There are no chairs here.
¿Qué había en la caja? What was there in the box?
Hubo tres gatos en mi casa ayer. There were three cats in my house yesterday.
Habrá un concierto. There will be a concert.
6. There are several irregular past participles:
decir = dicho
escribir = escrito
describir = descrito
romper = roto
poner = puesto componer = compuesto
ver = visto
volver = vuelto