OBJECTIVES
•Define the cell cycle.
•Describe the four
phases of the cell cycle.
Cell Growth
•Cells are limited in their growth.
•The larger a cell grows the more
difficult it is to get things in and
out of it.
•If cells grow too large they would
not be able to supply their own
needs, and growth would come to
a stop.
Why is a small cell
more efficient than
a large cell?
It is easier for things
like nutrients to get in
and out of the cell.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells
Cell Size
Volume
(length x
width x
height)
1 cm x 1 cm x
1 cm =
1cm3
2 cm x 2 cm x
2 cm =
8cm3
Surface Area Surface Area /
(number of surfaces
Volume Ratio
X length x width)
6 x 1 cm x
1cm =
1cm3
6 x 2 cm x
2cm =
24cm3
6 cm2/1cm3 =
6/cm
24 cm2/8cm3 =
3/cm
DNA replication
growth
preparation for
cell division
Cell division and cell
growth are controlled
in multicellular
organisms.
Prokaryotic Cell
E. coli
Binary fission
Eukaryotic Cell
Binary fission
Amoeba
(eukaryotic cell)
G2- phase
Mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
CELL SPECIALIZATION
Specific cells are
uniquely suited
to carry out
specific
functions
A macrophage, in (yellow), engulfs
and consumes a bacterium (green).
They help protect the body against
infection.
T-lymphocytes are specialized white
blood cells that identify and destroy
invading organisms such as bacteria
and viruses.
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells,
are the primary carriers of
oxygen to the cells and tissues
of the body.
Thrombocytes, or platelets,
are the smallest cellular
component of blood.
Neurons are the cells by which
large groups of cells
communicate with each other.
Specialized
cells
organize into
tissues.
Tissue is a
group of similar
cells that
perform similar
functions.
Human smooth muscle, also
referred to as visceral or
involuntary muscle, is composed
of slender, spindle-shaped cells.
Skeletal muscle enables the
voluntary movement of bones.
Cardiac muscle is a
unique muscle tissue
found only in the heart.
Organ is a group
of tissues that
work together to
perform a specific
function.
LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION
•CELLS
•TISSUES
•ORGANS
•ORGAN SYSTEMS
Smooth muscle tissue
Organ System
Stomach (organ)
Eukaryotic Cell