Renaissance and Beyond
Crusades
"Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the East, for they
are being attacked. Arm for the rescue of Jerusalem under
your captain Christ. Wear his cross as your badge. If you are
killed your sins will be pardoned." Pope Urban II
Magna Carta
• When 1215 A.D.
• What: paper written to limit monarchs power
– right to fair trial; free travel in England, right to private
property, limit king’s power to raise taxes
– The framework for the American Constitution
– changed England from monarchy to constitutional
monarchy
• Who: King John of England
• Why:. Because the Barons were tired of taxation
without representation
The Renaissance
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This was an era of creativity in Europe = summary
It lasted from the 14th to the 16 century = when
It means rebirth in French
It started in Florence, Italy = where
• They were attempts by Christians to reclaim the
Holy Lands from the Muslims
• They occurred during the 11th,12th, and 13th
centuries
• They opened up trade routes and helped
Europeans rediscover the ideas of the Ancients
Romans
• Effects:
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Decline of feudalism:
People moved to cities;
Catholic Church played important role in daily life
Trade increased
Rediscover ideas of Greeks and Romans
People = who
• Leonardo Da Vinci- Well known inventor and artist
• William Shakespeare- Well known author. Wrote
Romeo and Juliet.
• Martin Luther- Critic of the Catholic Church. He
wrote 95 theses protesting the selling of indulgences
and translated the Bible from Latin into German.
• Reformation: Invention of the printing press allowed
distribution of the bible.
• In the counter reformation the Catholic church
stopped selling indulgences but it was too late
Leonardo da Vinci:
Artist and Scientist
Da Vinci’s The Last Supper
Da Vinci’s
Mona Lisa
Da Vinci’s cannon drawings
Model
Da Vinci’s drawings
Flying machine (helicopter)
Self propelled cart
Model
Michelangelosculptor, painter, architect
Holy Family
Michelangelo’s
Moses
Michelangelo’s
David
Michelangelo’s/ Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel
Raphael
Donatello
Bronze statue of David
Statue of St. Mark
Renaissance spreads to the North
• English writer Shakespeare wrote plays such
as Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, and Julius
Caesar and revitalized the theater.
Renaissance Characteristics
• Art- realism, perspective, humanism (studies
of the human body), less religious themes and
more nature and people’s feelings
• Architecture-cathedrals, no fortifications, large
windows, gardens, fountains, statues
Reformation
• The_Reformation.asf
• When:
Protestant Reformation
– 1517-1648
• What:
– Reformation = movement to change church
practices that divided the western church
into Catholic & protestant groups
• Who:
– Martin Luther-German monk who was upset
about church practices like selling
indulgences
•Where:
•Germany then the rest of Europe
•Who:
•Martin Luther-German monk who was
upset about church practices like selling
indulgences
Martin Luther
Leader of Reformation
The Reformation
• Why:
–Corruption in the Church
• There was extreme wealth and corruption
among many church officials
• Churches started selling relics as a source
of indulgences (the forgiveness of sins in
exchange for money)
Ninety-Five Theses
• Luther was greatly upset with the selling
of indulgences
• October 31, 1517, Luther sent the
Ninety-Five Theses to his superiors &
other church officials and nailed them to
the Wittenburg Church door
• They were an attack on the abuses of
the Church
• Martin Luther was excommunicated
from the church
• While in hiding he translated the Bible
into German so people could read it.
• His followers became known as
protestants because they protested the
church
Johannes Gutenberg’s
printing press-Important
invention in this period
One reason is was is
important is that the
multiple copies of books
such as the Bible became
available allowing people
to read and thus many
follow Luther.
The printing press allowed books to be
printed quickly and less expensively.
Age of Exploration
• Who and when
• Columbus (tried to sail west and discovered the
New World in 1492),
• Ferdinand Magellan (his crew was the first to
circumnavigate the world)
• Cabot (tried to sail northwest to find Asia but
instead discovered Canada).
• The Europeans explored the world to discover a
better route for the spice trade. = why
• This increased trade but also led to slavery, the
spread of diseases, and religious conversion. = how it
changed the world
• Circumnavigate means to go around the world
Scientific Revolution
• Period of great scientific change and
discovery during the 16th and 17th centuries. =
summary and when
• Saw the invention of the telescope and
microscope = inventions
People during the Scientific Revolution
= who and more inventions
• Galileo used a telescope
to view the craters of
the moon
• Copernicus determined
that the earth revolves
around the sun instead
of vice versa
• Isaac Newton
discovered gravity and
created calculus and the
first modern
observatory.
Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution: the
change in the way goods
were made (from hand to
machines). = summary
• It started in England in the
1700’s = when and where
• England was called the
workshop of the world.
• Sparked on by the use of
Steam Power
• James Watts invents the
steam engine = invention
and who
Industrial Revolution:
• What: the change in the way goods
were made from hand to machines.
• Where: It started in the UK (England)
then spread to the US and Europe
• When: in the 1700’s
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How it changed the world
More factories now located in cities
People moved from countryside in search of work
First factories were textiles (clothes)
Required a labor force or workers with low pay
1838 75% of labor force were women and children
Led to Capitalism or privately owned businesses
Spread to Europe and U.S.
BEFORE
AFTER
• Growth of cities led too: more of how it changed
the world
• -Rapid growth
• -Became more crowded and dirtier
• -Diseases spread like cholera and typhoid
• -Widespread pollution of air and water
French Revolution
• French Revolution was the revolution that led to a
change in France’s government from monarchy to
republic = summary and where
King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The Storming of the Bastille
July 14, 1789
Angry mobs
attack the
prison and
release all
the prisoners
The French Revolution
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Caused by: = why
Higher Taxes
Large Government debt
Widespread hunger
The extravagant lifestyle of the nobles and kings
• Rulers: Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette = who
• Begins July 14th 1789 when French peasants
storm the Bastille. = when and where
 The Reign of Terror is where 17,000 people were
killed (many by guillotine)
Napoleon
• General Napoleon
Bonaparte takes
control and
restores order in
1799 = who
• He becomes
emperor in 1804.
Imperialism
• Imperialism-European
countries controlled
the government and
economies of
discovered lands =
summary
• Needed raw materials
to fuel the industrial
revolution = why
• Brought the English
language all over the
world. = how it
changed the world
Colonialism and Cultural Diffusion
• The British would end up
establishing colonies all
over the world
• This led to the saying
“The sun will never set on
the British Empire”
• Example: British colonized
India. In doing so they
changed India's culture.
Over 80% of all people in
India speak English, and
India is covered by
railroads and power lines
built by the British
Brain Pops
• http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushis
tory/industrialrevolution/
• http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worl
dhistory/frenchrevolution/
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/famoussci
entists/galileogalilei/
• http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushis
tory/britishempire/