Age of Industry Review
1. Which of Colonel MaKenzie’s raids on the Comanche forced them to surrender and move onto reservations? a. Palo Duro Canyon
2. Who were Buffalo Soldiers and how were they treated? a. African American soldiers who joined the army after the Civil War and were often discriminated against.
3. Between 1860 and 1900 the population of Texas multiplied five times and many towns started to develop, why? a. Growth of Railroads
4. When and where was oil first discovered in Texas? a. Spindletop, 1901
5. Why did the US Government support the slaughter of buffalo? a. Buffalo were a main food source for many natives so they intended to eliminate the buffalo to force the natives onto Reservations.
6. Why did most sharecroppers not become independent farmers? a. They could not get out of debt, it was a perpetual cycle of poverty.
7. Why was a new form of labor needed in Texas after the Civil War? a. Enslaved labor was abolished with the 13 th Amendment
8. Why did huge fenced ranches start to develop in Texas? a. The cattle drives ended because of the railroads and barbed wire
9. How did the railway system benefit Texas? a. Towns grew near railroad stops
10. In the 1870’s why did farmers start working on reforms?. a. A series of economic depressions and high shipping rates increased farmers’ debt
11. How did railroad monopolies hurt farmers? a. The railroads charged whatever rates they wanted for shipping crops
12. What is a trust, and why did companies unite to form them? a. Many companies get together and fix prices, they were formed to limit competition and fix prices
13. Where were the majority of early oil wells located? a. Wells were located on the coast, central and north and east. By 1920
West Texas had no wells.
14. Describe Quanah Parker. What did he do for Indian-American relationships? a. Quanah was the last Comanche Chief, he was the son of Cynthia Ann
Parker (an American captured by the Comanche), he eventually assimilates into American culture and influenced other American Indians to do so.
15. Describe James Hogg. What did he do as Governor? a. James Hogg was the first native-born Texas governor, he started the TX railroad commission, was supported by farmers and small merchants.
16. What caused the cattle drives in Texas after the Civil War? a. The demand for beef in the north caused the rapid growth of the beef industry in Texas
17. Why did the railroad industry grow in Texas? a. Commerical farming boomed, new cities sprang up along the railroads, it ended cattle drives and the open range.
18. How did oil affect education, a social change, in Texas? a. Oil was discovered on UT lands and it generated money that was used to fund the school, making more access to education

19. How were divorce rates, also a social change, affected by oil? a. Oil booms separated families (men leaving to look for work) causing strain on the marriage
20. What two groups were excluded from working in the oil fields? a. African Americans and Mexican Americans, White men were primarily employed in the oil field.
21. What was an effect of an oil boom in an unpopulated area? What happened next? a. Towns and cities were created.
22. How did ranchers identify their cattle? What if a cattle had no brand, to whom did it belong? a. Branding was used to identify cattle and prevent them from being stolen
23. What was the overall goal of the Progressive Movement? a. To solve political and social problems in Texas society
24. What areas of society did the Progressive Movement impact? a. Education, Voting, the Environment
25. Explain how the Progressives changed education in Texas. a. TX had the highest literacy rate in the South and the longest school year
26. What new Texas industry created a need to conserve the resource? a. The Lumber Industry
27. What did prohibition seek to eliminate from society? a. Alcohol
28. Explain suffrage and how it related to women. a. Suffrage is the right to v ote and women didn’t get that right until the 18 th
Amendment was ratified.