Day 7 STAAR Review
Reform Movements and Industrial
Revolution Inventions
Reform Movements
• Temperance Movement- the movement to end the sale
and drinking of alcohol; blamed alcohol for the increase in
crimes, poverty, and family destruction…led by religious
leaders, women, and factory owners.
• Education Reform Movement- improved public schools
and made education available to more people; led by
Horace Mann who believed that public education was “the
great equalizer.”
• Women’s Suffrage/Rights Movement- the movement to
help women gain equal rights, especially the right to vote;
leaders included: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott,
Susan B Anthony, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner
Truth.
Reform Movements
• Prison Reform and Care for the Disabled Movementmovement to create state hospitals to care for the disabled
instead of placing them in prisons; people started taking
better care of the mentally disabled; people worked to
rehabilitate prisoners while in prison; movement led by
Dorothea Dix
• Abolitionist Movement- the movement to end slavery; it
was led mostly by religious groups that believed slavery
was immoral; leaders included: William Lloyd Garrison (The
Liberator), Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth, Fredrick
Douglass, and Harriet Tubman
• Labor Reform Movement- the movement to improve
working conditions and working hours; led by the Lowell
Mill girls who initiated the first strike
Industrial Revolution Inventions
• Factory System- brought many workers and machines together
under one roof, usually near a source of water to power the
machines; created large number of jobs for unskilled workers;
created jobs for women
• Interchangeable Parts- increase in efficiency for replacing machine
parts, saved time and money; led to the mass production of
products (Eli Whitney)
• McCormick Reaper- increased agricultural production by creating a
faster way to cut grain
• Steamboat- invented by Robert Fulton, used with canal and river
trade-transportation upstream on rivers was more efficient, faster,
and cheaper
• Cotton Gin-a faster way to clean cotton, led to an increase in
dependence on slavery in the South (plantation system) and
increase in production in the North (factory system-more textile
mils-cloth to make clothes, etc.) Eli Whitney
Industrial Revolution Inventions
• Telegraph- invented by Samuel Morse, increased
communication and delivered information rapidly over long
distances, helped with Westward Expansion.
• Erie Canal- man-made waterway that connected the
Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes and the interior of the
country; decreased the cost of shipping goods to and from
the Midwest
• Transcontinental Railroad- railroad that stretched from the
Midwest to the Pacific; led to the growth of the West by
increasing the number of settlements
• Bessemer Steel Process- a faster and cheaper way to
process steel, helped make the building of railroad tracks
more efficient which increased westward expansion