Worksheet KEY
Topic # 3031
Animal Genetics
Melissa M. Fowler
Genetics Vocabulary Key
Define the following terms.
1.
1.
Allele
A unit of a gene. 2 alleles make one gene site. An offspring will get one allele
from each of its parents.
2.
2.
Chromosome
Unit in the cell that holds the genetic information. Found in pairs in the body
cells, but are divided in half in egg and sperm cells.
3.
3.
Diploid
The number of chromosomes found in the somatic or body cells (2n).
4.
4.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Is the substance present in the nuclei of cells consisting of phosphoric acid, a
sugar, and a nitrogenous base. It is the key molecule of the gene which gives each
cell its hereditary qualities and characteristics.
5.
Dominant
An allele that keeps other alleles from being displayed in the organism’s
phenotype, while being displayed itself.
6.
Gene
A hereditary factor or unit of heredity, which can determine the development of a
specific trait. Composed of two alleles. It is involved in the transmission of
genetic information from one generation to the next.
7.
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an individual.
8.
Gamete
A reproductive cell. Any cell which upon union with another cell results in the
development of a new individual is referred to as a gamete. Contains haploid
chromosome count.
9.
Haploid
Half the diploid number of chromosomes in an organism. (1N).
10.
Heredity
Transmission of genetic and physical traits of parents to their offspring.
11.
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different gene alleles for one gene location. (A a)
12.
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical gene alleles for one gene location. (a a)