Note Taking Guide
Topic # 3031
The Importance of Improved Genetics
By: Rick Sokol
Biotechnology In Agriscience
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New forms of plants and animals
Improved plant and animal _____________
Improved quality and kind of foods
Genetics
_________ parents pass to their offspring.
The difference between animals within the same species is called _____________.
Traits that always show up in the offspring if they are present are said to be dominant;
traits that can be covered up by other traits are recessive. A dominant trait in cattle is
polled cattle. ______________ is red cattle.
Double Helix
• Two strands of DNA are twisted around forming a spiral structure.
• Because of the “rung” structure, segments of DNA can be cut out and new ones
inserted.
• The information in an organism that causes it to function is its _______________
• ____________ are changes in the genes and chromosomes; can be genetic and
physical differences. Larger fruits is an example.
Genetic Engineering
• The genetic information in the cell is changed or used to make a product. Sections of
DNA molecules may be cut out and new sections inserted.
• DNA of two different ____________ may be combined.
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____________ bacteria are most often used as carriers of new DNA (vectors) into the
cell.
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Ways Genetic Engineering Benefits
Herbicide, Insect, and Disease -Resistant Plants
Transgenic Animals
Frost Protection
Longer _____________ Life
New Animal Products
Greater Fertility
• SUPEROVULATION - Injecting a cow with a ____________, such as gonadotropin - the cow may release 8-20 eggs during estrus instead of one egg
• EMBYRO TRANSFER – Flushing an embryo from its dam and placing it in another
______________________ to carry to term. Embryos are transferred seven days after
fertilization.
More Production
• Milk Hormones – Inject ________ to cows for increased milk production.
• Meat Hormones - Use PST on ____________ to produce more muscle.
• Growth Implants – Insert a small pellet under the skin of animals to promote growth.
• ______________________ - Treat low quality hay with ammonia to increase protein
content and digestibility.
• Controlled Feeding - Cattle fitted with __________ allowing the animal to eat its’
specific feed ration.
Aquaculture
• ________________ - Aquafarmers induce spawning by injecting the female fish with
gonadotropin.
• HATCHING - Artificially ____________ involves regulating water movement,
temperature and oxygen level.
• SEX CHANGES - Some species don’t grow well when males and females are left
together; scientists developed a way of __________________ of newly-hatched fry.
Marketing Strategies
• Food products are produced in different shapes and forms to encourage people to
________________.
• Miniature vegetables: ___________________
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The round carrot can be sold for a _______________; the nutritional value is the
same.
Predicting the Future
• PLANT GROWTH CHAMBERS - Used to study the effects of changes in the
environment on plants
• COMPUTER SIMULATIONS - Examples of simulations include
________________________.
• OTHER EXAMPLES - Using ________________, forcing plants, using
_________________
Issues Concerning The Public Regarding Biotechnology
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Uncertainty
Dangers in new life forms
Keep ____________________
Unhealthy food
___________________
Ethics of joining plants and animals
Lack of information