2nd Industrial Revoltuion in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s
Objective:
Industrial Advantages of the U.S.
Growing _____________________ (immigrants & children)
An abundance of natural ___________________(iron, oil, electricity)
__________________ – business that is free from govt. involvement
2nd Industrial Revolution
Laissez-faire capitalism – _______________________ of the economy
____________________ – people who organize their own business
Labor was mostly immigrants (paid cheap) or poor children
Because of this, the U.S. became the industrial leader in the world
during the 1890’s
Monopolies
_______________________________________ (just like the game)

consolidating corporations to control the market for a product
attempting to destroy the competition controlling the majority of
the production & distribution of a product
robber barons – polarization of wealth; __________________________
_______________________________
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Andrew Carnegie – _______________
John D. Rockefeller – ____________
Sherman Antitrust Act – ____________________. But it was difficult to
enforce
Economic Ideologies
*_______________ – private business own & operate most industries;
_________________ determines cost of goods as well as workers’ pay
Government favored business in most disputes with its labor force
__________________________ – societies evolve over time by
adapting to their environment; govt. regulation threatened the natural
economic order (survival of the fittest)
Growth of Cities
_________________________________
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Port of entry = ____________________, NY & Angel Island, CA
Most were Roman Catholic
Led to racial & ethnic problems (ex. Wops, Pollocks)
Movement from rural to ______________ (more people living in the city)
Jobs available in the cities
Settlement Houses
Led to overcrowding & lack of city services – sanitation problems
________________________ in poor areas staffed by professionals
and volunteers who offered education, recreation, and social activities
___________________ – founded the most famous settlement house,
called ____________________ in Chicago.
Hull House focused on the needs of families and immigrants. Teaching
________________________________.
Women Suffrage
__________________!
Industrialization leads to ________________________!
________________________ – Seneca Falls Convention (Dec. of
Sent.); created women’s movement
________________________ – fought for the right to vote
____________________________
Discrimination & Civil Rights

U.S. fed. law restricting Chinese for 10 years & any Chinese
American could not obtain U.S. citizenship; reaction to open
immigration
_________________________
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Plessy (1/8th black) was thrown off railway car & arrested for
violating Separate Car Act of Louisiana
U.S. Supreme Court case upholding racial segregation;
“_________________________”; practiced until 1954
_________________________________
Fighting for Civil Rights
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_________________________ (original MLK); author
believed in cooperation w/ whites instead of confrontation
his work greatly helped lay the foundation for the 1960’s Civil
Rights Movement
______________________________
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publisher & author of equality writings; encouraged Harlem
Renaissance; director of ___________________
“blacks should challenge and question whites, seek higher
education, & assimilate into American culture”; they should know
when to act “white” and/or “black”
___________________________
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founder of Universal Negro Improvement Association (uniting all
of Africa)
________________________________________________
____________________ replaced skilled workers
The New Workplace
________________________ – large amounts of products being made
_________________ taking jobs
_________________grew
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They increase workers’ power (power in numbers)
Used as a bargaining tool against employer to get what workers
want (collective bargaining)
_____________________ – fed. law passed that monitors
activities & powers of labor unions
Labor Unions
_______________________
- Open to everyone – men, women, skilled & unskilled workers; one big
union
_______________________ –they Individualized Unions (ex.
Mineworkers, Steelworkers); open to only skilled workers
Labor Union Rallies & Strikes
The Bisbee Deportation – in ___________; the Industrial Workers of the
World demanded change in the _______________, the Bisbee mining
corp. refused; violence erupted – 2 men were killed, others beaten - the
IWW members were deported to NM; the Bisbee company was never
found guilty for their injustice
The _____________________ – 1000s of union members in
___________ went on strike; 2 strikers were killed by police; workers
protested; turned violent – 8 officers killed; officers killed several people;
another example of __________________________
Homestead Strike - __________________ (1892); between
Amalgamated Assoc. of Iron & S________________ (AA) – the whole
town & C____________ Steel Co. AA wanted to prevent management
from forcing workers to agree not to become a member of a union… got
violent. Union VICTORY!!!
Pullman Strike - ___________________ conflict between unions & RRs
(1894); violence erupted in Illinois with Pullman Palace Car Company &
American Railway Union. President Cleveland ordered fed. troops to
Chicago to end strike (he was not reelected); RRs won!
Populist Party (The People’s
Party)
Supported _______________________________________________,
& govt. ownership of RR & the telegraph/telephone system
Most populists were ____________________________ (the common
people) that were losing jobs and $$$ to immigrants & big business
______________________ – a democrat & populist presidential
candidate in 1896. He lost. This election marked the end of the populist
movement.
Progressive Reforms
all laws were designed to give the people greater control over their state
legislatures & state officials
Amendments:
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16th – ___________________
17th – _____________________________________
18th – ________________
19th – __________________________
Election reforms:
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______________ – if enough voters sign a petition, the people
can remove the official
_____________ – voters’ ability to propose new laws by petition
__________________ – voters approve or disapprove laws
already being practiced
Corruption
____________________________________________________
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reached out to immigrants by finding jobs attaining citizenship,
housing, etc.  in return, expected their vote
used illegal tactics to maintain control (bought votes)
demanded bribes & pay offs for jobs
_______________________________________________
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Muckrakers
most notorious ___________________________
stole millions of tax dollars
Progressivism – reformers who wanted to address city life & corruption
in order to achieve order & stability
____________________________________ named, “muckrakers” – bc
they raked up the muck of society & exposed corruption & illegal
business practices
Ida Tarbell – wrote about unfair business practices of the Standard Oil
Co.; book: __________________________________
Jacob Riis – wrote about slum life & business corruption; book:
_________________________________________________
Upton Sinclair – wrote about unsanitary working conditions; book:
_________________________________
Frank Norris – discussed how railroads were a monopoly
Lincoln Steffens – exposed corruption in city govt.
Theodore Roosevelt –
Progressive President
President “Tubby” Taft (R)
“__________________” – broke up trusts (a group of companies under
a single board of director that make a lot of $$$, there’s no competition)
_________________ – doubled the number of national and state parks
passed Sherman Anti-Trust Act; supported 16th (income tax) & 17th
(direct election of Senators) amendment; created Federal Children’s
Bureau
______________________________________________________
(over conservation of environment issues)… progressives formed
Progressive party
Election of 1912: Roosevelt (P) vs. Wilson (D)… _________________!
Summary: