Name
Date Pd
In this experiment you will observe examples of the five basic types of chemical reactions. You will learn to write balanced equations, including the role of energy, to effectively communicate the chemistry of the reactions.
1.
Carry out the reactions using the approximate quantities of reagents suggested.
2.
Unless otherwise stated, use test tubes.
3.
When heating reagents in test tubes, slant the test tube so that the opening is pointed away from people.
4.
Heat the test tube at the surface of the material and work down towards the bottom of the tube.
5.
Discard solutions down the drain, wash and rinse your glassware.
6.
Discard solid waste in the waste cans on the lab tables.
In the data section you will balance the equation, write the word equation and record your observations.
1. Grasp a strip of magnesium ribbon in crucible tongs and ignite it in the burner
flame.
2. Hold it over a watch glass. Do not look directly at the flame!
Qualitative Observations:
Balance Equation:
1a. Mg + O2 
Write word equation:
MgO
3. Add a few drops of distilled H
2
O to the ash.
4. Stir with a stirring rod and place a drop of the solution on red litmus paper. Red
litmus turning blue is evidence for the presence of a base.
Qualitative Observations:
Modeling Chemistry 1 U9 gen Types of Rxns v.pp

Balance Equation:
1b. MgO + H2O  Mg(OH)2 (aq)
Write word equation:
5.
Heat a piece of copper metal strongly in the Bunsen burner flame for about 30 s.
6.
Remove the copper from the flame and note the change in appearance. Discard the product in the solid waste can.
Qualitative Observations:
Balance Equation:
Cu + O2 -->
Write word equation:
CuO
1.
Place about 1 scoopful of solid sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO
3 tube. into a dry test
2.
Mass the test tube with the powder.
3.
Heat the sodium hydrogen carbonate in the test tube strongly for 2 minutes.
4.
Observe any changes that occur during the heating. Toward the end of the heating, light a wood splint and insert the flaming splint into the mouth of the test tube.
5.
Note what happens to the splint. Once the tube has cooled, mass the tube and contents again.
Qualitative Observations:
Balance Equation:
NaHCO3  Na2O + ______ H2O + CO2 (g)
Write in words:
Modeling Chemistry 2 U9 gen Types of Rxns v.pp

1.
Place a strip of copper in a test tube with enough 0.1M AgNO
3 test tube aside, then observe the cover it. Set this surface of the metal after 5-10 minutes.
Qualitative Observations:
Balanced Equation:
AgNO3 (aq) + Cu 
Write word equation:
Ag + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
2. Place a couple of pieces of mossy zinc metal in a test tube approximately 1/4 full
of 3M HCl.
3. Place a stopper loosely in the tube.
4. After a few minutes, light a wood splint and insert the flaming splint into the
mouth of the test tube.
5. Hold the test tube in your hand to feel if the temperature has changed.
Qualitative Observations:
Balanced Equation:
Zn + HCl(aq) 
Write word equation:
ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
1. Add 0.1M AgNO
3
0.1M CaCl
2 to a test tube to a depth of about 1 cm. Add a similar quantity of
solution. Observe the reaction.
Qualitative Observations:
Balanced Equation:
AgNO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq) 
Write word equation:
AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
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2.
Add 1 ml of 0.1M NaOH to a test tube, test the solution with both red and blue
Litmus paper and record your observation.
3.
Add 1 ml of 0.1 M HCl to a different test tube, test with both red and blue Litmus paper and record observation.
4.
Combine the two test tubes from #2 & #3 above, stir or mix the contents and test the resulting solution with both red and blue Litmus paper. Record your observations.
Qualitative Observations:
Balance Equation:
_____HCl + ______NaOH → ______H
2
O + _____ NaCl
Write word equation:
1.
Place about 10 drops of isopropyl alcohol, C
3
H
7
OH, in a small evaporating dish.
2.
Ignite the alcohol from the top of the liquid with a Bunsen burner.
3.
Hold a cold watch glass well above the flame and observe the condensation of water on the bottom.
4.
The formation of the mist will be fleeting; watch closely.
Qualitative Observations
Balanced Equation:
_ C3H7OH(l) + O2(g)
Write word Equation:
 CO2(g) + H2O(g)
: Answer the following questions in complete sentences with correct grammar and spelling.
1. What are some of the observable changes that provide evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place? a. b. c. d.
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2. How did the flaming splint behave when it was inserted into the tube with CO2 (g)?
3. In what way was this different from the reaction of the H2(g) with the flaming splint?
4. When magnesium reacted with oxygen gas, a considerable amount of energy was
released. This is an example of an exothermic reaction. From this evidence what
can you conclude about the energy stored in the reactants compared to the energy
stored in the product?
5. What other examples of exothermic reactions did you observe?
6. Re-write the balanced equation for the reaction of Mg and O2, this time with the term
“+ energy” on the appropriate side of the equation.
7.
You had to heat the NaHCO3 strongly in order for it to decompose. This is an example of an endothermic reaction. What does this tell you about the energy stored in the reactant compared to the energy stored in the products?
8.
Write the balanced equation for the decomposition of NaHCO3, this time with the term “+ energy” on the appropriate side of the equation.
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When red Litmus paper turns blue, it indicates a base is present. When blue Litmus paper turns red, it indicates an acid is present. What do you think is present when neither Litmus paper changes color?
9.
What kind of solution was the HCl
(aq)
according to the Litmus test? Explain what this means.
10.
What kind of solution was the NaOH
(aq)
according to the Litmus test? Explain what this means.
11.
Explain the result of the Litmus test once the two solutions were combined into the same test tube. Draw a particle diagram to help explain your answer.
12.
The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a special kind of double replacement reaction called a neutralization reaction. In your own words, according to your experimental results define a neutralization reaction.
13.
Look up acids and bases in your textbook. What are some characteristics of acids?
Of bases?
Modeling Chemistry 6 U9 gen Types of Rxns v.pp