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Chapter 16
Database Administration
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and
Management, Fifth Edition, Rob and Coronel
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In this chapter, you will:
• Learn that data are a valuable business asset that
requires careful management
• Learn why and how the database plays a critical role
in an organization
• Learn that the introduction of a DBMS has important
technological, managerial, and cultural organizational
consequences
• Learn what the database administrator's managerial
and technical roles are
• Be introduced to several database administration
tools
• Examine various database administration strategies
• See how various database administration technical
tasks are performed with Oracle
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Data as a Corporate Asset
• Raw material used to produce information
• Valuable resource
• Information
– Timely and accurate data can trigger beneficial
actions
– Basis for knowledge
– Used in decision making
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Data-Information-Decision Cycle
Figure 16.1
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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Databases in an Organization
• DBMS facilitates
–
–
–
–
Interpretation and presentation of data
Distribution of data and information
Data preservation and monitoring
Control over data duplication and use
• Supports managerial decision making
– Top
– Middle
– Operational
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Introduction of Database
• Big organizational change and challenge
• Process with three primary aspects
– Technological
– Managerial
– Cultural
• Must focus on organizational needs
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Evolution of Database Administration
• Roots in decentralized file systems
• Electronic Data Processing (EDP) or Data
Processing (DP) Department
• Information systems (IS) department
Figure 16.2
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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Evolution of Database Administration
(Con’t.)
• Database administration created to handle
complex data management tasks
• Database administrator (DBA) responsible for
control of database
• Factors affecting DBA placement in
organization
– Management style
– Size and complexity of operations
– Geographic distribution of facilities
• General coordinator of all DBAs is systems
administrator (SYSADM)
• Data administrator (DA)
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Placement of DBA Function
Figure 16.3
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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DBA Functional Organization
Figure 16.4
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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DA Versus DBA
Table 16.1
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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Summary of DBA Activities
Figure 16.6
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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DBA Skills
Table 16.2
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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DBA Activities and Services
Table 16.3
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 5th Edition, Rob & Coronel
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DBA Service: End-User Support
•
•
•
•
User requirements gathering
Conflict and problem resolution
Finding solutions to information needs
Ensuring quality and integrity of applications
and data
• Building end-user confidence
• Managing the training and support of DBMS
users
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DBA Service: Policies, Procedures, &
Standards
• Policies
– General statements of direction or action
– Communicate and support DBA goals
• Standards
– More detailed and specific than policies
– Describe minimum requirement of DBA activity
• Procedures
– Written instructions that describe steps for activity
– Support and enhance work environment
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DBA Service: Security,
Privacy, & Integrity
• Authorization management
–
–
–
–
User access management
View definition
DBMS utilities access control
DBMS usage monitoring
• Security breaches
– Preserved integrity
• Data recovery may not be necessary
– Corrupted integrity
• Database must be recovered
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DBA Service: Data Backup
and Recovery
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• Database security officer (DSO)
• Disaster management
–
–
–
–
–
–
Periodic data and applications backups
Proper backup identification
Convenient and safe backup storage
Physical protection
Personal access control
Insurance coverage for the data in the database
• Data recovery and contingency plans must be
tested and evaluated
• Backup and recovery may not cover all aspects
of IS
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DBA Service:
Data Distribution and Use
• Data useful in right hands at right time
• Current philosophy makes authorized data
access easier
• Sophisticated query tools
• Web front ends
• Data democracy
• Cautions due to improper use of data
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DBA’s Technical Role
• DBMS and utilities evaluation, selection, and
installation
• Design and implementation of databases and
applications
• Testing and evaluation of databases and
applications
• Operation of the DBMS, utilities, and applications
• Training and supporting users
• Maintenance of the DBMS, utilities, and
applications
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DB Administrative Tools:
Data Dictionary
• Integrated data dictionary
– Included with the DBMS
• Stand-alone data dictionary
– From third-party vendor
• Active data dictionary
– Automatically updated by the DBMS
• Passive data dictionary
– Created and updated by a batch process
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DB Administrative Tools:
Data Dictionary (Con’t.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data elements in all tables
Tables defined in all databases
Indexes defined for each database table
Defined database specifics
End users and administrators of database
Programs that access database
Access authorizations for all users
Relationships among data elements
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DB Administrative
Tools: CASE
• CASE is Computer-Aided Software
Engineering
• Provides automated framework for Systems
Development Life Cycle
• Classifications
– Front-end CASE tools support planning,
analysis, and design
– Back-end CASE tools support coding and
implementation
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DB Administrative
Tools: CASE (Con’t.)
• Reduction in development time and costs
• Automation of the SDLC
• Standardization of the systems development
methodologies
• Easier maintenance of application systems
developed with CASE tools
• Improves communications among the DBA,
applications designers, and end users
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Data Administration Strategy:
Information Engineering
• Information Engineering (IE) translates
strategic goals of the company into data and
applications
• Focuses on description of corporate data
instead of the processes
• Output is Information Systems Architecture
(ISA)
– Serves as the basis for planning,
development, and control of future IS
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Forces Affecting Development of ISA
Figure 16.8
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Critical Success Factors for IS
Strategy
•
•
•
•
•
•
Management commitment
Thorough company situation analysis
End-user involvement
Defined standards
Training
Small pilot project
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Database Administration Using Oracle
Figure 16.9
•
•
•
•
•
Security Manager
Schema Manager
Storage Manager
SQL Worksheet
Instance Manager
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