2/2009 AMY SUE FOX, M.D., M.S. EDUCATION 1972 - 1976 Barnard College, Columbia University, B.A. Biochemistry 1976 - 1980 Albany Medical College, Union University, MD 1998- 2000 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, M.S. (Clinical Research Methods) EMPLOYMENT: 2004- Present 2002-Present 1989-2004 1987-1989 Director, Virology Laboratory Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street BX NY 10467 Director, Point of Care Testing Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street BX NY 10467 Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology and Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Associate Director, Virology Laboratory Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street BX NY 10467 Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637 POST GRADUATE TRAINING: 1980 - 1981 Intern, Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 1981 - 1983 Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY 1983 - 1984 Fellow, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, IL 1984 - 1986 Research Fellow, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL BOARD CERTIFICATION: Diplomate, National Board of Medical Examiners Diplomate, American Board of Pediatrics Board Certified - Pediatric Infectious Diseases PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS: Infectious Diseases Society of America American Society of Microbiology Fellow of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America American Association for Clinical Chemistry LICENSE: Medical, New York State 1981- Present Medical, Chicago IL 1983-1989 New York State, Laboratory Director Certification –HIV, Diagnostic Immunology, General Virology 1990-Present. -2- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S. AWARDS AND HONORS: 1983 -1984 Oxford Bobby Award,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago 1985 - 1987 Johnson & Johnson Company, Institute Fellow 1985 - 1986 Children’s Research Foundation COMMITTEES: 1989 1989 - 1993 1990 - 1992 1992 -1996 1994 -2003 Member -Infection Control Committee, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx NY Member - Hospital Quality Assurance Coordinating Council Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Member - Quality Assurance Committee Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx NY Chairperson, Laboratory Quality Improvement Quality Assurance Committee Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Member, Committee on Admissions, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 1994 - 2004 Co-Editor and Founder, Lab Notes, The Scientific Newsletter of the Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 1996 - 2006 Chairperson - Combined Laboratory Quality Improvement Quality Assurance Committee Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Faculty Senate - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Faculty Senate - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx,NY, Alternate 1997 - 2000 2000 - 2004 GRANTS: 1973 1985 - 1986 1985 - 1987 1993 1994 1995 2004 Anchincloss Research Grant, Columbia University, NY, NY Children’s Research Foundation at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Johnson & Johnson Institute Fellow at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL A study of the efficacy of measles vaccination in 6 month old infants in the Bronx and its relationship to passively acquired maternal antibody. Departments of Pathology, and Pediatrics, MMC/AECOM, Co-Investigator Connaught Laboratories, Swiftwater, PA Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C virus antibody in homeless adolescents. Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, MMC/AECOM, Principal Investigator Abbott Laboratories, No. Chicago, IL A comparison of diagnostic techniques for c. trachomatis in female adolescents. Co-Principal Investigator, Syva Corporation, San Jose, CA, Roche Diagnostics, Sommerville, NJ Assesing the Interference Effect of Acetaminophen and Uric Acid on Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems. Principal Investigator, Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, IL -3- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S Grants…../ continue 2005 2007 2008 Comparison of Two Point-of-Care Devices and Standard Laboratory Coagulation System for Measurement of Prothrobin Time and INR. Principal Investigator HemoSense, 600 Valley Way, Milpitas, CA 95035. Sensitivity and Specificity of SurePath Liquid Pap Smears tested for GC and Chlamydia compared to Endocervical Swab Specimens. Principal Investigator GenProbe, San Diego, California. The Clinical Utility of a Transcription Mediated Amplification Assay for Trichomonas Vaginalis in HIV-1 Positive Women. Co- Principal Investigator Genprobe, San Diego, California PUBLICATIONS: Refereed 1. Fox, A.S., Lepow, M.L.: Tuberculin Skin testing in Vietnamese refugees with history of BCG vaccination. Am. J. Dis. Child. 137:1093-1094, 1983. 2. Fox, A.S., Kazacos, K.R. Gould, N.S. Heydemann, P.T. Thomas, C., Boyer, K.M.: Fatal cerebrospinal and viceral larva migrans caused by raccoon ascarid, Baylisacaris procyonis. New Eng. J. Med. 312:1619-1623, 1985. 3. Fox, A.S., Tolpin, M.D., Baker, A., Broelsch, C., Whitington, P.F., Jackson, T., Thistlewaite, R., Stuart, F.: Seropositivity in liver transplant patients as a predicator of cytomegalovirus disease. J. Infec. Dis. 157:383-385, 1988. 4. Fox, A.S., Boyer K.M. Sweeney, H.: Antibiotic stability in pediatric hyperalimentation solution J. Ped. 112:813-817, 1988. 5. Fox, A.S., Saxon, E. M., Doveikis, S.A., Been, M.I.: Chlamydia - Parainfluenzae II - A shared antigenic determinant? J. Clin. Microbiol. 27(6):1407-1408, 1989. 6. Alonso, E.M., Fox, A.S., Franklin, W.A., Whitington, P.F.: Post-necrotic cirrhosis following varicella hepatitis in a liver transplant. Transplantation, 1990. 7. George, D., Arnow, P., Fox A.S., Baker, A.L. Thistlethwaite, J.R., Emond, J.C.,Whitington, P.F.,Broelsch,, C.E.: Bacterial infections complicating liver transplantation: Epidemiology and risk factors. Review of Infec. Dis. 13:387-96, 1991. 8. Arnow, P., George, D., Fox, A.S., et al: Patterns of infection after Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Am. J. Dis. Child. 146(924-929), 1992. 9. Bryant, D.K., Fox, A.S., Childers, E., Gianella, P., Motyl, M., Spigland, I., Rosenfield, W.D.: Comparison of Rapid Diagnostic methodologies for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in an urban adolescent population. J. Adolescent Health. Vol. 16 #4:324-327,1995. 10. Alderman, E., Shapiro, A., Spigland, I., Bashir, M., Fox, A.S.: Prevaccination Screening for Hepatitis B in sexually active adolescents. Clin. Inf. Diseases Vol.26 no.6 1459,1998 l1. Alderman, E., Shapiro A., Spigland I. Bashir, M., Fox, A.S.,: Are there risk factors for Hepatitis B Infection in inner-city adolescents that justify pre-vaccination screening? J. Adol. Health. Vol.22:389-393 April,1998 -4- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S. Publications…/continue 12. Edelman, M., Fox, A.S., Alderman, E. Neal, W. Shapiro, A., Suhrland, M., Cervical Papinicalau Smear Abnormalities in “Inner -City” Bronx Adolescents: Prevalence, Progression and Modifiers. Cancer Cytopathology;87:184-9, 1999 13. Iglesias, E. Alderman, E. Fox, A.S. Use of the Wet Smear in screening for Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Infections in Medicine, 17(3):175-185,2000 14. Edelman, M Fox, A.S., Alderman, E. Neal, W. Shapiro, A Suhrland, M., Cervical Pap Smear Abnormalities and C. trachomatis in Sexually Active Females. J. of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 13:65-69,2000 15. Webber MP, Chazotte C, Fox, A.S., Moskaleva G, Arnold J, Schoenbaum EE: Implementation of Expedited HIV Testing of Delivering Women in a Large New York City Hospital. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003; 101:982-986 16. Neal, W., Fox, A.S., Spigland, I., Childers, E., Weiner, J., Shapiro, A., Alderman, E.: Cervical Appearance: A predicator of chlamydial infection? (In submission). 17. Marinovich, A., Narlieva, M., Bashir, M., Zingman, B.S., Fox, A., False-Positive Result from Bayer Versant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Branched-DNA Viral Load Assay, with a Possible Role for Light Leakage after Inadequate Maintenance of the Analyzer. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Nov. 2006. p. 4288-4289 18. Khine, H., Mayers, A., Avner, R. J., Fox, A. S, Herold, B. Goldman, D.L., Association between Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection and Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Paralysis in Children and Adolescents. The Pediatric Infections Disease Journal, May 2008. Vol. 27, p. 468-469 19. Weinblatt, E., Biro, D., Chang, T., Rand, J., Fox, A.S. , Correlation of the Roche CoaguCheck to Laboratory Plasma International Normalized Ratio at High International Normalized Ratio values. POC Journal Vol. 8 p.8-10 March, 2009 BOOK CHAPTERS: 1. A. S. Fox, M.J. Suhrland.: Laboratory Methods in the Diagnosis of External Ocular Disease. Burke, R.M., Slamovits, T.L., EDS: Advances in Clinical Opthalmology, Volume I, St. Louis, Mosby Yearbook, 1994, P. 125-139. ABSTRACTS: 1. Fox, A.S., Sweeney, H., Boyer, K.M.: Antibiotic stability in pediatric hyperalimentation solution. (ABS) Twenty-fourth Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapeutics, ABS #852, P. 239, 1984. (A) 2. Drelich, J., Fox, A.S., Reese, E.E., Bermen, B.: Endogenous ethanol production in a child with short bowel syndrome. (ABS) Pediatric. Res. 18:195A, 1984 (B) -5- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S. Abstract…../continue 3. Fox, A.S., Tolpin, M., Jackson, T., Baker, A., Whitington, P., Broelslch, C., Thistlethwaite, R., and Stuart, F.: Seropositivity in liver transplant recipients as a predicator of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Hepatology 5:204, 1986. (A) 4. Fox, A.S., Broelsch, C., Baker, A., Whitington, P., Tolpin, M.: CMV disease in liver transplant recipients: Is pre-existing antibody protective? Gastroenterologie 1987. Presented at German Association for the Study of the Liver, Hanover, Germany, 1/31/87 (C ) 5. Fox, A.S., Saxon, E.M., Doveikis, S.A., Beem, M.I.: Chlamydia-Parainfluenza II - A shared antigenic determinant? Third Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Tampa, Florida, 4/27/87.(D) 6. Fox, A.S., Tolpin, M.D. Whitington, P.F., Baker, A., Das Gupta, K., Williams, C., Broelsch, C.: Prospective survillance for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in liver transplant recipients. Presented at the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Chicago, Illinois, 10/27/87.(D) 7. Cardo, L.J., Fox, A.S., Bashir, M., Spigland, I., Nagel, R.L.: The seroprevalence of antihepatitis C virus among patients with sickle cell anemia. Proceedings of the National Sickle Cell Association Meeting. Mobile, Alabama. 1991; 1:25a.(D) 8. Cardo, L.J., Fox, A.S., Bashir, M., Spigland, I.: The seroprevalence and Epidemiology of anti-hepatitis C virus among patients with sickle cell anemia. Blood 1991; 78(10) supp. 1:476a.(A) 9. Cardo, L.J., Sayre, K., Fox A.S., Spigland, I.: Anti-hepatitis C virus among patients with sickle cell anemia by second generation RIBA and ELISA. Proceedings of the National Sickle Cell Association Meeting. Nashville, Tenn. 1992; 1:16a.(D) 10. Cardo, L.J., Fox A.S., Spigland, I.: The seroprevalence of anti-HTLV I/II among patients with sickle cell anemia. Proceedings of the Fifth National Forum on AIDS, Hepatitis and Other Blood Borne Diseases. Atlanta, Georgia. 1992; In Press. (D) 11. Fox, A.S., Childers, R., Bellin, E., Johnson, C., Zoloth, S., Spigland, I.: Can a DNA probe test adequately reflect the prevalence of C. Trachomatis in a high risk population? American Society for Microbiology. 1994 (A) 12. Alderman, E., Shapiro, A., Spigland, I., Bashir, M., Fox, A.S.,: Prevaccination screening for Hepatitis B in sexually active adolescents. Ambulatory Pediatric Association. San Diego, May, 1995 (D) 13. Alderman, E., Shapiro, A., Spigland, I. Bashir, M., Fox, A.S.,: Are there risk factors for Hepatitis B infection in inner-city adolescents that justify pre-vaccination screening? Society for Adolescent Medicine. March, 1996, Recipient, semi-finalist award ( C) 14. Fox, A.S., Alderman, E. Shapiro, A., Bashir, M., Spigland, I.: Are there risk factors associated with Hepatitis C in inner-city adolescents in New York City? (Tenth International Congress of Virology, August, 1996) (A) 15. Fox, A.S., Alderman, E., Neal, W., Shapiro, A., Suhrland, M., Spigland, I.: Are there Surrogate Markers for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Adolescents? (37 the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 1997) (A) -6- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S. Abstract…/continue 16. Edelman., M., Fox, A.S., Alderman, E., Neal., W., Shapiro.,A., Spigland, I., Suhrland, M., . Cervical Papinicalau Smear Abnormalities and Chlamydia Trachomatis in Sexually Active Adolescent Females. Presented at the American Society of Cytopathology Annual Meeting, November 1997.(A) 17. Assessing the Interference Effect of Acetaminophen and Uric Acid on Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems. Presented to: (EASD) European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2004).(C) 18. Day, C., Nychka, A., Vuolo, M., Fox, A.S. Suhrland, M., Schlessinger, K., SurePathTM vs. Conventional Pap Smears In The Detection Of Malignant Uterine Lesions. American Society Of Cytology 2006. (C ) 19. Golpanian., Sammy, Fox, A.S., Determination of the Efficacy of Point of Care Electrolytes, Act and Blood Gases in the CVOR. Presented at CPOCT 21st International symposium, Quebec, Canada. September 2006. (D) 20. Khine., H., Avner., J., Mayers., M., Fox.,A.S., Harold., B., Goldman., D., Association Between Bell’s Palsy and Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Children. Presented at the APA annual meeting in San Francisco, May 2006.(C ) 21. Biro., Daniel., Weinblatt., Ezra., Chang., Tylis, M.D., Rand., Jacob, M.D., Fox.,A.S., M.D., M.S., Correlation of the Roche CoaguCheck to Central Laboratory Plasma INR at High INR Values: Young Investigator Symposium, Montefiore Medical Center, February 2008. (C ). 22. Kader, S., Fox. A.S, Schlesinger, K., Suhrland. M., Henry, R., Comparison of the Aptima (Gen-Probe) Assay (CT/GC) on Endocervical Specimens to SurePath Liquid Paps Facilitated by a Real time Database. Presented at the 24th annual PAN American Society of Virology, Daytona Beach, Florida 2008 (D) 23. Broughel, D., Fox, A.S. Narlieva, M., Nisenbaum, G., Pawzdrovska, D., Comparison of IgM CMV Assays on Bronx Patients: A Cause for Concern. Presented at the 24th annual PAN American Society of Virology, Daytona Beach, Florida 2008 (D) 24. Hollman D, Coupey SM, Fox A, Herold, B. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis genital infection in a clinical sample of sexually active adolescent females using the APTIMA Trichomonas Assay (ATV). Presented at the Eastern Society for Pediatric Research Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, March 2009 and at the Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Research Meeting, Baltimore, MD, May 2009, E-PAS 2009. Codes for Abstract A - Published and presented as poster session. B - Published only. C - Published and presented from the podium. D - Presented as poster session. -7- AMY SUE FOX M.D.M.S. INVITED PRESENTATIONS: INTERNATIONAL 1. CMV Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients: Is pre-existing antibody protective? Presented at German Association for the study of the liver. Hannover, Germany, 1987 2. Are there risk factors associated with Hepatitis C in inner-city adolescents in New York City? Tenth International congress of Virology, Jerusalem, Israel, 1996 3. Infectious Agents in the Mikvah (Ritual Bath) Fact or Fiction, First International Congress on Womens Health and Halacha, Jerusalem 2003. 4. Assessing the Interference Effect of Acetaminophen and Uric Acid on Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems. (EASD) European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Munich, Germany 2004. 5. Correlation of the Roche CoaguCheck to Laboratory Plasma International Normalized Ratio at High International Normalized Ratio Values. Presented at the POC International Conference, Barcelona, Spain September 2008. NATIONAL: 1. Prospective surveillance for Cytomegalovirus in liver transplant recipients. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Chicago, IL, 1987 2. Chlamydia- Parainfluenza II - A shared antigenic determinant. Third Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, Tampa FL, 1987 3. Can a DNA probe test adequately reflect the prevalence of C. Trachomatis in a high risk population? American Society for Microbiology, Atlanta, GA, 1994 4. Pre-vaccination screening for Hepatitis B in sexually active adolescents. Ambulatory Pediatric Association, San Diego, CA, 1995 5. Are there risk factors for Hepatitis B infection in inner-city adolescents that justify prevaccination screening? Society for Adolescent Medicine, Washington D.C. 1996 6. AECOM/MMC Infectious Disease Board Review Course, Clinical Virology, NYC 2001 7. AECOM/MMC Infectious Disease Board Review Course, RNA Viruses, NYC, NY 2002 Point of Care Testing Update: CLS/CNE, Providence, RI, May 2004. 8. Comparison of the Aptima (Gen-Probe) Assay (CT/GC) on Endocervical Specimens to SurePath Liquid Paps Facilitatd by Real time Database. The 24th annual PAN American Society of Virology, Daytona Beach, Florida 2008 9. Comparison of IgM CMV Assays on Bronx Patients: A Cause for Concern. Presented at the 24th annual PAN American Society of Virology, Daytona Beach, Florida 2008. -8- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S. Invited Presentation……./continue LOCAL: 1. Measles: The Disease, Diagnosis and Epidemiology, SUNY, Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 1993 2. Congenital Infection: CMV, AECOM, OB-GYN Grand Rounds, 1993 3. Hepatitis B: An Update, Presented as part of the Twelfth mini-course entitled Pediatric Infections, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1993 4. Rapid Viral Diagnosis, NCB, Ambulatory Grand Rounds, 1994 5. Chlamydia trachomatis, Pediatric Grand Rounds, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, December, 1996 6. Quality Management in the Laboratory, Laboratory Management Seminar series, Dept of Pathology May 1997. 7. Lecturer, Department of Pathology “Boot Camp Series” 2001-present 8. Course Leader, Virology Seminar, Montefiore Medical Center, 2006- present TEACHING ACTIVITIES 1987 - 1989 Lecturer, Core course, second year students, University of Chicago, Chicago ,IL (2 lecturers) 1987 - 1989 Infectious Disease consultant to liver transplantation group University of Chicago,IL 1987 -1989 Preceptor for Pediatric Resident ID Elective (4-5 months/year) 1987 - 1989 1989 1989 - 1989 1989 - 2006 1989 - 1997 1990 - 1992 1990 - 1993 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Preceptor for fourth year student elective in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (1-2 (months/year) University of Chicago, Chicago , IL Preceptor for Pediatric Resident ID Elective (1-2 months/year) Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Preceptor for fourth year student elective in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (1-2 months/year) Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Lecturer, Introductory course for Fellows in Infectious Disease (1 lecture) Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Preceptor, Clinical Pathology Residents, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory (8-10 months/year) Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Preceptor, Fellows in Division of Infectious Diseases, (6 months/year) Diagnostic Virology Laboratory Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Medical Student Preceptor in general Pediatrics (2-3 months/year) Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Lecturer, Microbiology - Infectious Disease Course for second year students (2 lectures). Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY -9- AMY SUE FOX, M.D. M.S. Teaching activities…/continue Section leader and author of Virology lab case discussions Microbiology - Infectious Disease course for second year students. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 1991 - 1993 Discussion leader for AIDS/Infection risks and prevention seminars for second year students. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 1992 - 1993 Preceptor, postgraduate preceptor, Dr. Paul Lee, Senior Resident Research Cornell Medical school. A comparison of two rapid enzyme linked t assays for Parvovirus B19 (Recipient residents research award). 1993 - 1994 Preceptor, Dana Bryant, M.D. , fourth year student research Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Comparison of rapid diagnostic Methodologies for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in an urban adolescent population. 1994 – present Lecturer, Core Course for residents in Clinical Pathology Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (2 lectures) 1994 - 1995 Invited Participant, Pediatric Infectious Diseases seminar (Monthly) Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 1990 - 1993 1994 -present 2006- present 2007- present Interviewer, Resident applicants, Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N. Y. Lecturer, Virology Seminar, Montefiore Medical Center Lecturer, BioEthnics Course, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx N.Y. Mentoring Research Student 1996 2000 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 Preceptor, Joanne Weiner, Summer research, Barnard College, Columbia University NY, NY. Cervical Appearance: A predicator of chlamydial infection. Preceptor, Sam Griffel, Student, Research, NSHA, presentation ASM Preceptor, Adina Weinblatt, HS Student Research NSHA, LI Science Fair. Winner Preceptor, Caryn Sands, Fellow, MMC, Clinical Research, presentation ASH, December - 2004 Preceptor, Sammy Golpanian, NYU, Clinical Research, presentation AACC, POCT, Quebec, 2006. Preceptor, Jonathan Korngold, NYU, Clinical Research, (Bayer Student Intern) Preceptor, Joshua Klein, H.S. Student research, TABC Preceptor, Nathaniel Rand, H.S. Ramaz High School. Student research Preceptor, Ezra Weinblatt, U of Penn University, Clinical Research (Siemens student intern) Preceptor, Daniel Biro, Cooper Union, Clinical Research (Siemens student Intern) Preceptor, Joshua Grossman, New York University, Summer Research Student, (SURP). Preceptor, Reena Gottesman, Stern College Yeshiva University, Summer Research (SURP)