Healthy Hearts,
Heart Disease
And
Defects
Harold P. Hoffberg EMT-P
February 14, 2012
Definition of Heart Disease or CVD
Anatomy Lesson
Signs and Symptoms
Risk factors
Congenital heart defects
Heart Disease
“Ailment that involves the heart and or blood
vessels”
Aginia/ Chest Pain
Heart Failure
Heart Attack
Stroke
Cardiac Arrest
Heart Disease
 Largest cause of death worldwide
 Responsible for more deaths than cancer in the
United States
 Approx 600,000 people die from CVD with the
majority being over age 65.
 ***Affects all ages, races, and both sexes.****
 1:9 Death certificates stated/ mentioned Heart
failure
 36% of adults reported no vigorous activity
 1 death every 39-46 seconds
 785,000 americans will have a new ailment
 470,000 will have a reoccurance
 26% of women died from CVD.
Anatomy
Anatomy of Heart
Circulatory System and Vessels
Atherosclerosis vs. Arterosclerosis
Both include hardening of the
arteries due to plaque
Restricts Blood flow and oxygen
Can occur anywhere in the Body
Atherosclerosis vs. Arterosclerosis
Athero:
Yellow plaque containing cholesterol,
lipids, and liphophages. Found in inner intima
layers of large to medium sized arteries.
Artereo: Pinkish plaque and found in smaller
areas of arteries – Arterioles.
Anatomy
Chest Pain Signs/ Symptoms
 Uncomfortable chest pain or pressure
lasting more than a few minutes or goes
away and comes back.
 Pain of discomfort in either arm,
back jaw or stomach *****
 Shortness of breath with or without
discomfort
 Other signs such as breaking
out in a cold sweat, nausea, or
lightheadedness.
 Women present differently with
chest pain
Heart Disese and Stroke
2 Types
Block- Ischemic
Bleed- Hemorragic
Risk Factors
High Blood Pressure
Smoking
Diabetes
Obesity
Heart Disease- High Blood Pressure
Defined as: “ 140/ 90”
76, 400,000 Americans dx. with HTN
Equal between men and women
80% are aware they have HTN
48% are controlling it with medication or lifestyle
At risk for Stroke…
Heart Disease- Smokers
Toxins in Cigarettes cause atherosclerosis
May contribute to CHF
Contains CO- carbon monoxide which causes fatigue and chest pain
Second hand smoke
Heart Disease- Diabetes
Leading cause of Heart disease or CVD
2-4 times more likely to have a stroke or CVD
Relates back to HTN and obesity
Coupled with smoking doubles the risk again.
Heart Disease- Obesity
Was found to be large and major cluster for risk factors
Leads to overweight and insulin resistance
36% of adults report no vigorous activity
Increased carbohydrates, sugars and starches
Increased portion sizes
Heart Disease- $$$$ cost factors $$$$
Cancer Treatment : $ 228,000,000,000
Heart Disease:
$ 286,000,000,000 – $316,000,000,000
“Can
we fix it- Yes we can”- Bob the Builder
Congenital Heart Defects
Exist at and are usually developed before birth
Affects blood flow, vessels, and Heart itself- walls
valves and placement
9:1000 adults are affected 1:125 infants
Congenital Heart Defect – Causes
Exact causes are unknown
Genetics
Environmental factors
German Measels
Viral infections
Industrial solvents
Medications: Thalidomide and Acutane
Congenital Heart Defects : WHAT ARE THEY ???
Patent ductus arterious
Septal Defects
Coarctation of the Aorta
Tetraology of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Congenital Heart Defects –
EKG’s, X-rays, echocardiograms, catherizations
May or may not require treatment or surgery
References and Sources
Dorland, WA. Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary 28th ed.
WB sauders co. Philadelphia . 1994
RogerVL, Go,AS, Lloyd-Jones DM et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2011
update- A report from the American heart assoctation. Circulation 2011.
m.circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/4/e. American heart association.
Date of access- Jan 31, 2012.
www.cdc.gov/nchs/faststats/heart.htm Dec 12, 2011. Center for disease control.
Date of access- Jan 30, 2012.
www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/facts/docs/fs_heart_disease.pdf. Jan 2010
Center for disease control. Date of access- Jan 30, 2012.
www.marchofdimes.com/baby/birthdefects_congenitalheart.html. May 2008
March of Dimes. Date of access- Jan 31, 2012
www.mayoclinic.com/health/congential-heart-defects/CC00026. Aug 2, 2011
Mayo Clinic. Date of access- Feb 1, 2012
http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view. Date of Access January 29, 2012
Happy Valentines Day!!!