 Governor blocked the Edmund Pettus Bridge with
state police
 March was successful on the third attempt
 Arizona
 Governor blocked the Edmund Pettus Bridge with
state police
 March was successful on the third attempt
 Arizona
“Mr. Jarvis reported that
the Mexican and Negro
problem was getting out of
hand and some definite
action should be taken in
order to give the
Caretaker the proper
authority to handle the
situation.”
Mesa Parks and
Playground Board Meeting,
July 9, 1940
 March was successful on the third attempt
 Arizona
 Employment and housing discrimination
95% of African
Americans in
Phoenix lived
south of Van Buren
 Arizona
 Employment and housing discrimination
 Desegregated all schools (1951)
Webster Elementary, Mesa (1910)
Mexican-Americans
Carver High School, Phoenix (1926)
African Americans
 Employment and housing discrimination
 Desegregated all schools (1951)
Veora Johnson
(1910-2001)
• Hired in 1927 by Mesa
(age 17) to teach at
Washington School
• First African American
principal (1945)
• Mesa Citizen of the Year
(1953)
Veora Johnson Elementary (1985)
• Irving School principal
(1967-75)
Washington School, Mesa (1920)
African Americans
 Employment and housing discrimination
 Desegregated all schools (1953)
 MLK gave a speech at ASU in 1964
Goodwin Stadium
8,000 people
Tanner AME Church, Phoenix
 Desegregated all schools (1953)
 MLK gave a speech at ASU in 1964
Recording discovered at a Phoenix Goodwill store in 2013
Purchased for $3
 Desegregated all schools (1953)
 MLK gave a speech at ASU in 1964
 One of the last states to recognize
MLK Day (1992)
Vote: 1990
Game: 1993
Vote: 1993
Game: 1996
1983 (1st celebrated in 1986)
Governor
Bruce
Babbitt
Governor
Evan
Mecham
 MLK gave a speech at ASU in 1964
 One of the last states to recognize MLK Day (1992)
 “It may be true that the law can’t make
a man love, but it can restrain him from
lynching me and I think that’s pretty
important also. And so while it may be
true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits
of men, and when you change the habits
of men, pretty soon the hearts will be
changed and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State
University, June 3, 1964
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Which statement best explains the meaning of the
passage?
 A. It is impossible to change a man’s heart without
changing the law.
 B. Laws are important because they can lead people to
change in the future.
 C. It is impossible to truly change someone, so we must
at least change the law.
 D. Laws cannot stop people from committing crimes
unless people change their hearts.
 “It may be true that the law can’t make a man love, but it can
restrain him from lynching me and I think that’s pretty important
also. And so while it may be true that the law cannot change the
hearts of men, it does change the habits of men, and when you
change the habits of men, pretty soon the hearts will be changed
and attitudes will be changed.”
 Martin Luther King Jr., Speech at Arizona State University, June 3, 1964
 Do you agree with Dr. King that changing the law can lead
people to change their hearts? Explain your answer.
 One of the last states to recognize MLK Day (1992)
 Other civil rights organizations
 United Farm Workers
 Led by Cesar Chavez
Dolores Huerta
 United Farm Workers
 Led by Cesar Chavez
 Used non-violent protests
 Won rights for farm workers
in the Southwest
 Used non-violent protests
 Won rights for farm workers in the Southwest
 National Organization for Women (NOW)
 Fought for equal rights in the workplace
Betty
Friedan
Shirley
Chisholm
 National Organization for Women (NOW)
 Fought for equal rights in the workplace
 Supported the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
 Not enough votes to be added to the Constitution
Ratified
Ratified, then rescinded
Not ratified by both houses
Not ratified
 Supported the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
 Not enough votes to be added to the Constitution
 Civil Rights laws
 Civil Rights Act (1964)
 Ended segregation nationwide
 Civil Rights Act (1964)
 Ended segregation nationwide
 Voting Rights Act (1965)
 Outlawed literacy tests, poll taxes, etc.
 Voting Rights Act (1965)
 Outlawed literacy tests, poll taxes, etc.
 Indian Rights Act (1968)
 Bill of Rights applies to reservations
 Indian Rights Act (1968)
 Bill of Rights applies to reservations
 Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
 Reasonable accommodations
 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990)
 Special Education
 Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (1990)
 Special Education
 Title IX (1972)
 Prohibits discrimination based on
gender in education
1972
Patsy Mink
Hawai’i
 Title IX (1972)
 Prohibits discrimination based on gender in education
 Assassinations
 Malcolm X (1965)
 New York City
 African American Muslims
 New York City
 African American Muslims
 MLK (1968)
 Memphis, Tennessee
Lorraine Motel
April 3
April 4
 MLK (1968)
 Memphis, Tennessee
 James Earl Ray
Atlanta
 Memphis, Tennessee
 James Earl Ray
 Discuss
 United Farm Workers
 NOW
 Civil Rights laws
 Assassinations
 Write a sentence explaining
how Title IX has impacted
education.