Washington’s Presidency and Arizona Government
Essential Question:
Why is the Bill of Rights important?
 George Washington
o 1st President of the United States
o Precedents set by Washington:
 The Cabinet
 Served only 2 terms
 Farewell address
 Alexander Hamilton
o 1st Secretary of the Treasury
o Financial plan for the country:
 Pay off nation’s debt
 Collect taxes
 Establish a national bank
 Amendment
o An official change made to the Constitution
o There are 27 amendments
 Bill of Rights
o First Amendment
 Five Freedoms:
 Freedom of Religion
o 2 parts:
 The government cannot establish a religion
 The government must protect the free exercise
of religion
 Freedom of Speech
o The right to express oneself
 Freedom of the Press
o Protects the right to print or broadcast truthful
information
 Freedom of Assembly
o Protects the right to peaceably hold meetings and
demonstrations
 Freedom to Petition
o Protects the right to petition the government
o Rights of the accused
 Amendments 4, 5, 6, and 8 protect the rights of those accused of
crimes
 Important concepts:
 Due process
o A person cannot “be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of law”
o Established procedures must be followed
 Right to a fair trial
o The accused has the right to “speedy and public trial”
by an impartial jury
 Right to an attorney
o If the accused cannot afford an attorney, the
government must provide one
o Gideon v. Wainwright decision
 This right applies to all criminal cases
 Grand jury indictment
o Determines whether there is enough evidence for a
trial
 Protection from:
o Double jeopardy
 A person cannot be tried twice for the same
crime
o Self-incrimination
 A person has the right to remain silent
 Miranda v. Arizona decision
 Defendants must be informed of their
rights before being questioned by the
police
o Unreasonable searches and seizures
o Excessive bail
o Cruel and unusual punishment
 Political parties
o Groups organized to promote views and candidates
o Washington’s farewell address warned of the dangers of political parties
o First two political parties
 Federalist Party
 Supported a stronger national government
 Democratic-Republican Party
 Supported states’ rights and strict interpretation of the
Constitution
 Arizona Government
o State government
 Governor
 Head of the state government
 Like the president on the state level
 State legislature
 Makes state laws
 Like Congress on the state level
o City government
 Mayor
 Head of the city government
 Like the president/governor on the city level
 City council
 Makes city laws
 Like Congress/state legislature on the city level
o Direct democracy in Arizona
 Initiative
 A law proposed by the people
 Referendum
 A way for citizens to approve/reject a law made by state or
local governments
 Recall
 To remove an elected official from office by the vote of the
people
 Happens between elections