Circulatory System & Respiration
System
By: Jordan Monfort, April Quijano &
Christopher Siess
Circulatory System
• Circulatory system is responsible for transporting
materials throughout the entire body. It transports
nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of
body cells and carries away wastes such as
carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an
amazing highway that travels through your entire
body connecting all your body cells.
• The Circulatory System is divided into three
major parts:
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The Heart
The Blood
The Blood Vessels
The Heart
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The heart is located roughly in the center of the chest cavity. It is covered by a
protective membrane, the pericardium.
It's job is to pump your blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body.
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the
heart through the superior vena cava.
The right atrium contracts and pushes the blood
cells through the tricuspid valve into the right
ventricle.
The right ventricle then contracts and pushes the
blood through the pulmonary valve into the
pulmonary artery, which brings it to the lungs.
In the lungs, the blood cells exchange carbon
dioxide for oxygen. This oxygenated blood returns
to the heart by way of the pulmonary vein and
enters the left atrium.
The left atrium contracts and pumps the blood
through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Then,
the left ventricle contracts and pushes the blood
into the aorta.
The aorta branches off into several different
arteries that pump the oxygenated blood to various
parts of the body.
The Blood
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The heart pumps blood which is consisting of red blood cells, white blood
cells, platelets and plasma
 Red Blood Cells
- Red Blood Cells are responsible for
carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Red Blood Cells pick up oxygen in
the lungs and transport it to all the
body cells. After delivering the
oxygen to the cells it gathers up the
carbon dioxide and transports carbon
dioxide back to the lungs where it is
removed from the body when we
exhale
 White Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells help the body fight
off germs. White Blood Cells attack
and destroy germs when they enter
the body. When you have an
infection your body will produce more
White Blood Cells to help fight an
infection. Platelets are blood cells
that help stop bleeding
 Platelets
- the platelets start to stick to the opening of the
damaged blood vessels. As the platelets stick to
the opening of the damaged vessel they attract
more platelets, fibers and other blood cells to help
form a plug to seal the broken blood vessel. When
the platelet plug is completely formed the wound
stops bleeding
 Plasma
- Plasma is the liquid part of the blood.
Approximately half of your blood is made of
plasma. The plasma carries the blood cells and
other components throughout the body. Plasma is
made in the liver.
The Blood Vessels
• The blood is pump through tubes known as blood vessels. There are
three types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and veins
 Arteries
- Arteries are blood vessels that carry
oxygen rich blood away from the heart.
It has three layers of thick walls.
 Veins
- Veins carry blood back toward your
heart.
 Capillaries
- Capillaries are tiny blood vessels as
thin or thinner than the hairs on your
head. Capillaries connect arteries to
veins. Food substances, oxygen and
wastes pass in and out of your blood
through the capillary walls.
Respiration System
• The main purpose is to supply the blood
with oxygen in order for the blood to
deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
• The mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and
diaphragm are used in Respiration.
 Nose and Mouth - Oxygen enters the respiratory system.
 Trachea - is a tube that enters the chest cavity. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two
smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes.
 Lungs - The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller
tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and
then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood
from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli.
 Diaphragm - help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs.
The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the
diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm contracts,
oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of
the lungs.
Feedback
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Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis is a term coined in 1959 to describe the physical and chemical
parameters that an organism must maintain to allow proper functioning of its
component cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
For example, when a person is exercising the body needs more oxygen as
an result the heart beats faster and the person breathes faster and harder in
order to meet the body oxygen demands.
Classic negative feedback
If there is drop in Red Blood Cell (RBC) count causes hypoxemia to
kidneys
– Erythropoietin production increases
– stimulation of bone marrow
– RBC count increases in 3-4 days
Classic Positive feedback
- The plugging or sealing of damaged vessels by the platelets
Now, that you know the
importance of the circulatory and
respiratory system, do these
three activities on the circulatory
and respiratory system!
Circulatory and Respiratory
System Activity 1: Circulation
Situation:
A single working mother of 4 has
mysteriously gotten ill. So thinking it is a
minor common cold or flu, she takes the day
off to go see her doctor. Her doctor can not
figure out what is the cause of her ill so she
is sent home for some rest. However, later
that night, she is awaken to the fact that she
is spiting a large quantity of blood. Highly
alarm she is take to your hospital. While
testing her blood it was realized that her
blood platelet levels are low.
Task:
You are the world leading diagnostician and you have been presented
with one of your toughest class ever.
1) Find what disease is making her sick.
2) What is the primary treatment for her
disease?
Use these links to help you find what you are looking
for:
• http://www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C271923.html
• http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Di
sease-Conditions/DS00691.cfm
• http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/ttp.htm
Your not out of the woods yet. SUDDENLY!!! Your patient is
having an allergic reaction to your primary treatment.
3) What would be your next step into curing
this disease ?
Hint:
It is a commonly used on patients with
this dangerously 20th century disease.
About 1.2 million people get diagnosed
with this disease a year.
Now, Its time to work on the
Respiratory System
Circulatory and Respiratory
System Activity 2: Respiration
As you know, the lungs of the human respiratory
system takes in oxygen from the area surrounding
us and takes out carbon dioxide from our bodies.
This process is something called gas exchange.
People mostly think our lungs only work in air, but
it doesn’t seem to be the case!
In an anime called Neon Genesis Evangelion,
mech pilots have to breathe in liquid in the cockpit.
This is similar to some process called
Liquid breathing.
Your mission is, by these three links I’ve given you,
found out all about what the process is in real life!:
Liquid Beathing Page from Bristol University's School of
Chemistry
Liquid Breathing page from BSAC
Article at Skyaid.org
Now, Let put all your detective work
together!!!!!!
Cardiovascular & Respiratory
Activity 3: Circulation &
Respiration
SituationYou are a doctor at a free clinic.
A man is brought in late at night
With a bullet wound in his chest,
Below the right nipple and above
the diaphragm. There is no exit
wound. You suspect that the
bullet punctured the lung and is
still in the body.
Tasks What steps do you take?
Using these links to help your complete your tasks good
luck:
• http://www.steinergraphics.com/surgical/006_18.9.html
• http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_irthor_crs.htm
• http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/115/4/1210
References
• Anatomy of the Human Circulatory System. Circulatory System. April
30, 2008 from
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Circulation.
html
• Blood Circulation. Circulator System. April 30, 2008 from
http://www.marymount.k12.ny.us/marynet/stwbwk03/03bio/Circulator
y/CHpage.html
• Body Systems. The Human Heart. April 30, 2008 from
http://fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/respiration.html
• Circulation System. Hillendale Health Curriculum. April 30, 2008 from
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/circulatorysys.html
• Homeostasis. Animal Organ Systems. April 30, 2008 from
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookANIMO
RGSYS.html
• Review 2. Biology 112. April 30, 2008 from
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/bio112/112cp/rev2prack.html