Managing your Health
Chapters 4 & 6
Physical Activity
 Physical Activity- is any form of movement that
causes your body to use energy.
 I.E.- exercising, playing sports, walking the dog,
 Physical Fitness- The ability to carry out daily
tasks easily and have enough reserve energy to
respond to unexpected demands.
Benefits to Mental/Emotional
Health
 Being Physical Active has positive effects on
your Mental/Emotional Health.
 It can reduce stress
 PA also allows you to manage anger or frustration
in a healthy way.
 By stimulating the release of certain chemicals that
affect the brain, Physical activity can improve your
mood and decrease your risk of depression.
 Can help you look and feel better, which can
increase your self-confidence
Benefits to Social Health
 PA can also can also benefit social health
by:
 Building self-confidence, which helps you
cope better in social situations, such as when
you meet new people.
 Giving you the opportunity to interact and
cooperating with others.
 Helping you manage stress, which can
enhance your relationships with others.
Risks of Physical Inactivity
 More than one in three teens (35%) do not
participate regularly in vigorous physical
activity (at least 20 minutes 3x a week)
Regular participation in vigorous PA declines
significantly during the teen years from 73% of
9th graders to 61% of 12th graders
 Only 29% of teens attend a daily PE class.
 Sedentary lifestyle- way of life that involves
little PA.
 Instead of being physically active teens are
watching TV, playing video games, the computer
Risks of Physical Inactivity
 NEGATIVE effects include:
Unhealthy weight gain
 Cardiovascular disease- Leading cause of death in
America
 Type 2 diabetes- Which is a serious disorder that
prevents the body from converting food into energy.
 An increase risk of osteoporosis- a condition
characterized by the decrease in bone density.
 A reduced ability to manage stress
 decreased opportunities to meet and form friendships
with active people who value and live a healthy
lifestyle.
Physical Activity and Weight
Control
 50% of Americans are overweight.
 Very important to develop good eating
habits and be physically active on a
regular basis.
 Metabolism is the process by which your
body get energy from food.
 Exercising is also key!!!!!
Resting Heart Rate
 Resting heart rate is the number of times
your heart beats in one minute when you
are not active.
 A person of average fitness has a resting
heart rate of about 72 to 84 beats per
minute.
Body Mass Index
 Body image- the way you see your body.
 affected by several factors, media, family, friends, peers.
 Body mass index is a ratio that allows you to assess
your body size in relation to your height and weight.
 BMI= weight (in lbs) x 703/ (height (in inches))2
 http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmi-m.htm
 Adults with high BMI’s are at increased risk of
Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, high
blood pressure, osteoarthritis.
Body Composition
 Body Composition- is the ratio of body fat
to lean body tissue. Diet and fitness affect
a person’s body composition.
 Overweight- is a condition in which a
person is heavier than the standard weight
range for his or her height.
 Obesity- refers specifically to having an
excess amount of body fat.
Overweight
 Serious Problem in the United States
 Excess body fats strains the muscles and the
skeletal system. Forces the heart and lung to
work harder and increases the risk of high
blood pressure.
 Binge eating disorder- a disorder characterized
by compulsive overeating,
Binge Eating Disorder
People with binge eating disorder often eat an
unusually large amount of food and feel out of
control during the binges. People with binge
eating disorder also may:
 eat more quickly than usual during binge episodes
 eat until they are uncomfortably full
 eat when they are not hungry
 eat alone because of embarrassment
 feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating
Binge Eating Disorder
 No one knows for sure what causes binge eating disorder.
Researchers are looking at the following factors that may affect
binge eating:
 Depression. As many as half of all people with binge eating
disorder are depressed or have been depressed in the past.
 Dieting. Some people binge after skipping meals, not eating
enough food each day, or avoiding certain kinds of food.
 Coping skills. Studies suggest that people with binge eating
may have trouble handling some of their emotions. Many
people who are binge eaters say that being angry, sad, bored,
worried, or stressed can cause them to binge eat.
 Biology. Researchers are looking into how brain chemicals and
metabolism (the way the body uses calories) affect binge eating
disorder. Research also suggests that genes may be involved
in binge eating, since the disorder often occurs in several
members of the same family.
 Certain behaviors and emotional problems are more common in
people with binge eating disorder. These include abusing
alcohol, acting quickly without thinking (impulsive behavior),
and not feeling in charge of themselves.
Binge Eating Disorder
 People with binge eating disorder are usually very
upset by their binge eating and may become
depressed. Research has shown that people with
binge eating disorder report more health problems,
stress, trouble sleeping, and suicidal thoughts than
people without an eating disorder. People with binge
eating disorder often feel badly about themselves and
may miss work, school, or social activities to binge
eat.
 People with binge eating disorder may gain weight.
Weight gain can lead to obesity, and obesity raises the
risk for these health problems:
type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure
high cholesterol
gallbladder disease
heart disease
Binge Eating Disorder
 People with binge eating disorder should get help from a health
care provider, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical
social worker. There are several different ways to treat binge
eating disorder:
 Cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches people how to keep track of their
eating and change their unhealthy eating habits. It teaches them how to
cope with stressful situations. It also helps them feel better about their
body shape and weight.
 Interpersonal psychotherapy helps people look at their relationships with
friends and family and make changes in problem areas.
 Drug therapy, such as antidepressants, may be helpful for some people.
 Other treatments include dialectical behavior therapy, which helps
people regulate their emotions.
 Many people with binge eating disorder also have a problem
with obesity. There are treatments for obesity, like weight loss
surgery (gastrointestinal surgery), but these treatments will
not treat the underlying problem of binge eating disorder.
Underweight
 Underweight refers to a condition in which
a person is less than the standard height
range for his or her weight.
 Anorexia nervosa
 Bulimia nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa
 A person with anorexia nervosa, often called anorexia,
has an intense fear of gaining weight. Someone with
anorexia thinks about food a lot and limits the food she
or he eats, even though she or he is too thin. Anorexia
is more than just a problem with food. It's a way of
using food or starving oneself to feel more in control of
life and to ease tension, anger, and anxiety. Most
people with anorexia are female.
 An anorexic:
has a low body weight for her or his height
resists keeping a normal body weight
has an intense fear of gaining weight
thinks she or he is fat even when very thin
misses three (menstrual) periods in a row―for girls/women
who have started having their periods
Anorexia Nervosa
 While anorexia mostly affects girls and women (90–95
percent), it can also affect boys and men.
 It was once thought that women of color were shielded
from eating disorders by their cultures, which tend to
be more accepting of different body sizes.
 Sadly, research shows that as African American,
Latina, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian
and Alaska Native women are more exposed to
images of thin women, they also become more likely
to develop eating disorders.
Anorexia Nervosa
 There is no single known cause of anorexia. But some things
may play a part:
 Culture. Women in the U.S. are under constant pressure to fit a certain
ideal of beauty. Seeing images of flawless, thin females everywhere
makes it hard for women to feel good about their bodies. More and more,
men are also feeling pressure to have a perfect body.
 Families. If you have a mother or sister with anorexia, you are more
likely to develop the disorder. Parents who think looks are important, diet
themselves, or criticize their children's bodies are more likely to have a
child with anorexia.
 Life changes or stressful events. Traumatic events like rape as well as
stressful things like starting a new job, can lead to the onset of anorexia.
 Personality traits. Someone with anorexia may not like her or himself,
hate the way she or he looks, or feel hopeless. She or he often sets
hard-to-reach goals for her or himself and tries to be perfect in every
way.
 Biology. Genes, hormones, and chemicals in the brain may be factors in
developing anorexia.
Anorexia Nervosa
 Someone with anorexia may look very thin.
She or he may use extreme measures to lose
weight by:
 making her or himself throw up
 taking pills to urinate or have a bowel movement
 taking diet pills
 not eating or eating very little
 exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when hurt
or tired
 weighing food and counting calories
 moving food around the plate instead of eating it
Anorexia Nervosa
 Someone with anorexia can get better.
 A health care team of doctors, nutritionists, and
therapists will help the patient get better. They will
help her or him learn healthy eating patterns, cope
with thoughts and feelings, and gain weight. With
outpatient care, the patient receives treatment through
visits with members of their health care team.
 Some patients may need "partial hospitalization." This
means that the person goes to the hospital during the
day for treatment, but lives at home. Sometimes, the
patient goes to a hospital and stays there for
treatment. After leaving the hospital, the patient
continues to get help from her or his health care team.
Bulimia nervosa
 Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorder. It is often
called just bulimia. A person with bulimia eats a lot of
food in a short amount of time. This is called binging.
The person may fear gaining weight after a binge.
Binging also can cause feelings of shame and guilt.
So, the person tries to "undo" the binge by getting rid
of the food. This is called purging. Purging might be
done by:
 making yourself throw up
 taking laxatives — pills or liquids that speed up the
movement of food through your body and lead to a bowel
movement
 exercising a lot
 eating very little or not at all
 taking water pills to urinate
Bulimia nervosa
 Many people think that only young, upper-class, white
females get eating disorders.
 It is true that many more women than men have
bulimia. In fact, 9 out of 10 people with bulimia are
women. But bulimia can affect anyone: Men, older
women, and women of color can become bulimic.
 It was once thought that women of color were
protected from eating disorders by their cultures.
These cultures tend to be more accepting of all body
sizes.
 But research shows that as women of color are more
exposed to images of thin women, they are more likely
to get eating disorders. African-American, Latina,
Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian and
Alaska Native women can become bulimic.
Bulimia nervosa
 Bulimia is more than just a problem with food. A binge can be
set off by dieting or stress. Painful emotions, like anger or
sadness, also can bring on binging. Purging is how people with
bulimia try to gain control and to ease stress and anxiety. There
is no single known cause of bulimia. But these factors might
play a role:
 Culture. Women in the U.S. are under constant pressure to be very thin.
This "ideal" is not realistic for most women. But seeing images of
flawless, thin females everywhere can make it hard for women to feel
good about their bodies. More and more, men are also feeling pressure
to have a perfect body.
 Families. It is likely that bulimia runs in families. Many people with
bulimia have sisters or mothers with bulimia. Parents who think looks are
important, diet themselves, or judge their children's bodies are more
likely to have a child with bulimia.
 Life changes or stressful events. Traumatic events like rape can lead
to bulimia. So can stressful events like being teased about body size.
 Psychology. Having low self-esteem is common in people with bulimia.
People with bulimia have higher rates of depression. They may have
problems expressing anger and feelings. They might be moody or feel
like they can't control impulsive behaviors.
 Biology. Genes, hormones, and chemicals in the brain may be factors in
getting bulimia
Bulimia nervosa
 A person with bulimia may be thin, overweight, or normal
weight. This makes it hard to know if someone has bulimia. But
there are warning signs to look out for. Someone with bulimia
may do extreme things to lose weight, such as:
 using diet pills, or taking pills to urinate or have a bowel movement
 going to the bathroom all the time after eating (to throw up)
 exercising too much, even when hurt or tired
 Someone with bulimia may show signs of throwing up, such as:
 swollen cheeks or jaw area
 rough skin on knuckles (if using fingers to make one throw up)
 teeth that look clear
 broken blood vessels in the eyes
 Someone with bulimia often thinks she or he is fat, even if this
is not true. The person might hate his or her body. Or worry a
lot about gaining weight. Bulimia can cause someone to not
seem like him or herself. The person might be moody or sad.
Someone with bulimia might not want to go out with friends.
Bulimia nervosa
 Someone with bulimia can get better with the help of a
health care team. A doctor will provide medical care. A
nutritionist can teach healthy eating patterns. A therapist
can help the patient learn new ways to cope with
thoughts and feelings.
 Therapy is an important part of any treatment plan. It
might be alone, with family members, or in a group.
Medicines can help some people with bulimia. These
include medicines used to treat depression. Medicines
work best when used with therapy.
 Chances of getting better are greatest when bulimia is
found out and treated early.
Fad Diets
 Fad diets are weight loss plans that are
popular for only a short time.
 These diets are often hard to stick with
because they limit food variety.
 Fad diets that severely restrict the foods a
dieter eats fail to provide the body with the
nutrients it needs for health and growth.
 Any weight lost on fad diets usually
REGAINED!!!!!
Other Diets
 Liquid Diets- replaces all food intake with a
special liquid formula. These very low calorie
diets generally do not meet the body’s energy
needs. Relying on a high protein low CHO’s
liquids as the only source of nutrients can
cause serious health problems or even death
 Fasting- abstain from eating.
 Diet Pills- suppressing appetite
THE END!!!!!