The Twentieth Century Since 1945
1. The French Revolution of 1789 and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 were similar in that both were caused primarily by the
desire of the people to be free from foreign rule.
pressure of religious leaders for government reform.
failure of the government to meet the needs of the people
ambition of the upper class to attain wealth and property.
2. One similarity shared by the Meiji emperors of Japan, Peter the Great of Russia, and Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran was they
all supported policies that
increased the power of the aristocracy.
introduced new religious beliefs.
kept their nations from industrial expansion.
westernized their nations.
3. From the perspective of the North Vietnamese, the war in Vietnam in the 1960s was a battle between
fascism and liberalism.
nationalism and imperialism.
republicanism and totalitarianism.
theocracy and monarchy.
4. The main reason the Chinese Communists gained control of mainland China in 1949 was that
they were supported by many warlords and upper-class Chinese.
the United States had supported the Chinese Communist party during World War II.
Mao was a dynamic leader who had the support of the peasant class.
they had the support of the Nationalists and of Japan.
5. Within their respective nations, both Ho Chi Minh and Fidel Castro achieved their goals by
seeking aid and support from the European Union.
using armed conflict to bring a communist government to power.
following a policy of nonalignment.
working to build a capitalist system.
6. The European Crusades, the Age of Exploration, and Islamic Revolution in Iran were similar in that during each period
religion played an important role in political events.
imperialism led to an increase in traditional values.
self-determination encouraged policies of home rule.
weak central governments led to a return to feudalism.
7. Which statement best describes how a command economy functioned in the Soviet Union?
The laws of supply and demand controlled the economy.
Trade policies mandated that imports exceed exports.
The success of the agricultural sector controlled the price of manufactured goods.
A central authority determined the type and quantity of goods to be produced.
8. In China, the terms "commune," "Great Leap Forward," and "Cultural Revolution" are associated with the
economic success of the Manchu dynasty.
Mandate of Heaven.
Confucian emphasis on the five human relationships.
leadership of Mao Zedong.
9. A nation governed by Islamic fundamentalists would be most likely to
allow many different interpretations of the Quran.
adopt the values and cultures of the West.
emphasize the traditional beliefs and values of the religion.
promote active participation of women in government.
10. Which statement is most accurate about Latin America today?
Elections in several Central and South American nations have brought communist governments to power.
Military governments or dictatorships have been replaced by democracies in many Latin American nations.
Most Latin American governments are encouraging subsistence agriculture.
Debts owed to most foreign nations have been paid.
11. Which basic belief characterized the totalitarian governments of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein?
Nations must have written constitutions and free elections.
All religions are accepted.
The needs of the state are more important than individual rights.
Representatives of the people make the laws.
12. In Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s, which group became increasingly active in promoting human rights?
wealthy landholders
Roman Catholic clergy
successful industrialists
military leaders
13. The purpose of the Truman Doctrine and the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) was to provide
economic and military support to European nations to stop the spread of communism.
military troops to end ethnic warfare in the former Yugoslavia.
humanitarian aid to starving people in Ethiopia and Sudan.
the rights of freedom of speech and press to Greek and Turkish citizens.
14. In Eastern Europe during the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union responded to challenges to its control by
allowing free elections, when necessary.
imposing prompt and severe repression.
obtaining United Nations assistance.
granting independence to its satellite nations.
15. Which statement best explains why India was partitioned in 1947?
The British feared a united India.
One region wanted to remain under British rule.
Religious differences led to a political division.
Communist supporters wanted a separate state.
16. Which headline concerning the Soviet Union refers to a Cold War event?
"Yeltsin Assumes Power"
"Trotsky Forms Red Army"
"Germany Invades Soviet Union"
"Warsaw Pact Formed"
17. The Committee of Public Safety in France and the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea (Cambodia) are similar in that they
sought to establish democratic institutions in their countries.
were loyal to the monarchies in their countries.
were intellectuals who promoted moderate reforms in their countries.
used terror to further their revolutionary goals.
18. The Tiananmen Square massacre in China was a reaction to
Deng Xiaoping's plan to revive the Cultural Revolution.
Britain's decision to return Hong Kong to China.
demand for greater individual rights and freedom of expression.
China's decision to seek western investors.
19. One similarity between Lenin's New Economic Policy and Gorbachev's policy of perestroika is that both policies
supported collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union.
allowed some aspects of the capitalism in the Soviet economy.
increased citizen participation in the Soviet government.
strengthened governmental control over the Soviet republics.
20. The desire for self-determination in African nations became a powerful force for change immediately after
World War II.
the Boer War.
revolutions in Russia and France.
the end of the Cold War.