Substance
Non polar
covalent
(Molecular)
Ionic character
0
Bond type
Non polar
Polar Covalent
(molecular)
.4-1.7 ( below .4
are considered
weakly polar)
0-.4
Polar
Non polar or
weakly polar
covalent
Large covalent
network crystal
IONIC
Above 1.7
none
METALLIC
“sea of
electrons”
0
none
None- exists as
solid crystal
lattice or as ions
in solution.
None-metallic
ions in sea of
electrons
Electrostatic
(ionic)
Forms solid
crystal lattice
Van Der Waals,
strong in the
heavier metals
Co-ordinate
Covalent
Graphite
Varies
covalent
Dipole
0
covalent
Most are polar
polyatomic ions
Network crystal
GENERAL
Subtract
electronegativity of
the two atoms in
the bond or crystal
Ionic
character
Does it form
independent
molecular units
Determined by
bonds
Covalent
Network Crystal
Molecule type
Non Polar,
includes
symmetrical
with polar bond
Asymmetrical
with polar bond
Attractions
Van Der Waals
Properties
Examples
Very low
N2, O2, CO2,
M.P./B.P., soft,non CH4, CF4
conductor
Dipole,
H-Bonding if H
is present.
Most have none,
actual covalent
bonding.
Low M.P./B.P.
Soft
Non conductors
Very High
M.P./B.P.
Nonconductors
Very Hard
High M.P/B.P
Liquid, aqueous
conductors.
Hard
Solid state
conductors
Ductable,malleable
Lustrous
As in polar
covalent
Strong covalent
sheets, attracted by
van der walls
attractions
Determined by
attractions
(M.P./B.P.) and
electron mobility.
Van Der Waals
H2O, NH3,
CCL3F, H2S
Diamond
SiO2 (glass)
-Group one salts
-Active metal
with active
nonmetal
Au, Fe, Ag,
group 1 etc,
Metals on
periodic table
NH4+
Only covalent
solid state
conductor