St. Francis Prep
Giknis
English
Avoiding Plagiarism through Proper Citations 02
We’ve established what plagiarism is and the two main ways it happens (word-for-word and
paraphrasing/rephrasing). We’ve also established how to avoid plagiarism when using someone
else’s ideas (parenthetical citation).
The last part of the equation is to connect the parenthetical citations in the paper to their
sources listed on the works cited page. If you have anything cited in your essay, you
MUST have a works cited page at the end of the essay.
Basic Rules of the Works Cited Page
1. It should be on a separate sheet of paper at the end of your essay.
2. It should be formatted the same as everything else in the essay (TNR, twelve point font,
double space, only press “enter” once at all times, etc.).
3. The first line of each entry should be all the way on the left. Every following line of that
same entry should be indented (should look opposite of a normal paragraph).
4. Entries should be alphabetized based on the first word of the entry.
5. Entries should NOT be numbered.
6. The word(s) in your parenthetical citation should be the first word(s) of the associated
works cited page entry
There is a variety of ways you need to list on the works cited page different types of sources
based on where they come from. Here are two of the most common:
Single Author Book:
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium
of Publication.
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print.
A Page on a Website:
For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known. Use n.p. if no publisher
name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of
institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource
creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.
"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow. Demand Media, Inc., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.
Citation rules for other types of sources can be found at Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab
at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
Or, you could use a very handy and accurate CITATION GENERATOR!
http://citationmachine.net/index2.php
OR
www.Bibme.org
Let’s practice with the vegetarian chili website listed above.
On the back of this sheet is an example of both
parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page.
Tracy Jones
Mr. K. Smith
ENG-4GN-01
16 January 2006
The Many Facets of Taboo
The World Book Encyclopedia defines Taboo as "an action, object, person, or place
forbidden by law or culture" (Dundes).
As pointed out in the Occultopedia, another word for taboo is "tabu" a Polynesian word
meaning that which is banned. The Occultopedia also points out that taboo is found among many
other cultures including the ancient Egyptians, Jews and others ("Taboo").
Mary Douglas has analyzed the many facets and interpretations of taboos across various
cultures. In her view, taboos could be considered a kind of "brain-washing" as they are
transmitted to individuals along with an entire cultural system made up of a pattern of values and
norms (2549).
In reference to Freak Shows at circuses, an interesting observation is made that people
who possess uncommon features and who willingly go out in public to display such oddities to
onlookers are acting as "modern-day taboo breakers" by crossing the "final boundary between
societal acceptance and ostracism" (Rothenberg).
In traditional British East Africa, between the time of puberty and marriage, a young
Akamba girl must maintain an avoidance relationship with her own father (Freud 17).
Looking at taboo in a modern society, Marvin Harris gives an interesting example of the
application of cultural materialism to the Hindu taboo against eating beef (McGrath).
In your Works Cited page, you must include all of the above parenthetical citations. See sample.
Works Cited
Douglas, Mary. "Taboo." Man, Myth & Magic. Ed. Richard Cavendish. New ed.
21 vols. New York: Cavendish, 1994. 2546-2549.
Dundes, Alan. "Taboo." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.
Freud, Sigmund. Totem and Taboo. New York: Random, 1918.
McGrath, Stacy. "Ecological Anthropology." Anthropological Theories: A Guide
Prepared by Students for Students. 19 Oct. 2001. U. of Alabama. 18 Jan. 2005
<http://www.as.ua.edu/ant/Faculty/Murphy/ecologic.htm>.
Rothenberg, Kelly. "Tattooed People as Taboo Figures in Modern Society."
1996. BME/Psyber City. 18 Jan. 2005 <http://www.bme.freeq.com/tattoo/
tattab.html>.
"Taboo." Occultopedia: Encyclopedia of Occult Sciences and Knowledge. Site created
and designed by Marcus V. Gay. 18 Jan. 2005 <http://www.occultopedia.com/t/
taboo.htm>.