CHAPTER 23- NATIONALISM TRIUMPHS IN EUROPE
SECTION 2- STRENGTHENING GERMANY
ONCE UNIFIED GERMANY EMERGED as the INDUSTRIAL GIANT of EUROPE
FACTORS THAT MADE INDUSTRIALIZATION POSSIBLE
*RESOURCES- IRON & COAL
*DISCIPLINED & EDUCATED WORK FORCE
*GROWING POPULATION
*BENEFIT FROM EARLIER PROGRESS- BUILT RR & LARGE COMPANIES
*SUPPORTED RESEARCH
& DEVELOPMENT IN UNIVERSITIES
*GOVT. PROMOTED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BY
-ISSUING A SINGLE CURRENCY
-REORGANIZED THE BANKING SYSTEM
THE IRON CHANCELLOR
FOREIGN POLICY*KEEP FRANCE WEAK & ISOLATED
*BUILD STRONG TIES WITH AUSTRIA & RUSSIA
DOMESTIC POLICY*ERASE LOCAL LOYALTIES & CRUSH ALL OPPOSITION TO THE STATE
-TARGETED 2 GROUPS WHICH HE BELIEVED WERE A
THREAT TO THE NEW GERMAN STATE
1. CATHOLIC CHURCH-MADE UP 1/3 OF POPULATION
*BISMARCK-A LUTHERAN, DISTRUSTED CATHOLICS
*BELIEVED THEIR LOYALTY WAS FIRST TO THE POPE NOT GERMANY
*IN RESPONSE TO THIS CATHOLIC THREAT BISMARCL LAUNCHED
THE KULTURKAMPF-“BATTLE FOR CIVILIZATION”
*GOAL-TO MAKE CATHOLICS PUT THEIR LOYALTY TO THE STATE ABOVE
THEIR ALLEGIANCE TO THE CHURCH
*LAWS PASSED
-STATE ALLOWED TO SUPERVISE CATHOLIC EDUCATION
-APPROVE APPOINTMENT OF PRIESTS
-SOME RELIGIOUS ORDERS WERE SHUT DOWN
-EXPELLED THE JESUITS FROM PRUSSIA
-COUPLES HAD TO BE MARRIED BY CIVIL AUTHORITY
***BISMARCK’S PLAN BACKFIRED***
CATHOLICS RALLIED BEHIND THE CHURCH
REALIZING HE HAD MADE A MISTAKE BISMARCK WORKED TO MAKE
PEACE WITH THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
2. SOCIALISTS*SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY- WANT LAWS TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS
FOR WORKING CLASS
*BIS. BELIEVED THE INCREASING POPULARITY OF THE SOCIALIST
PARTY WOULD UNDERMINE THE LOYALTY OF THE GERMAN
WORKING CLASS
*FEARFUL OF A REVOLUTION BISMARCK PASSED LAWS TO
-DISSOLVE SOCIALIST GROUPS
-BAN THEM FROM MEETING
-SHUT DOWN THEIR NEWSPAPERS
***BISMARCK’S PLAN BACKFIRED***
DECIDED TO CHANGE HIS COURSE OF ACTION
-TRIED TO WOO WORKERS AWAY FROM SOCIALISM
**HAPPY WORKERS WOULD NOT NEED TO TURN TO SOCIALISM**
PASSED LAWS TO PROTECT THE GERMAN WORKING CLASS
THIS SHOWED CONDITIONS COULD IMPROVE
WITHOUT A REVOLUTION
1888-NEW KAISER-WILLIAM II
1890-ASKS BISMARCK TO RESIGN
“THERE IS ONLY ONE MASTER IN THE REICH,
AND THAT IS I.”