Accents in Spanish

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Accents in Spanish
There are many rules about Spanish accents, and this is NOT designed to be
comprehensive in any way, but an introduction to some of the rules regarding
accents and how they affect syllables. ¡Ojo! Accents in Spanish only occur on the
vowels! (á é í ó ú) There will only be ONE accent per word.
(The tilde ~ is only used on the letter ñ and is part of the letter – it is not an accent,
but part of the letter itself.)
Rule #1
If a word ends in a vowel, “n” or “s” then the stress falls on the penultimate (next to last)
syllable.
mesa
me-sa
zapatos
za-pa-tos
lunes
lu-nes
limonada
li-mo-na-da
origen
o-ri-gen
libro
li-bro
nada
na-da
estas
es-tas
madre
ma-dre
Rule #2
Words that end in any consonant except “n” or “s” are stressed on the last syllable.
doctor
doc-tor
papel
pa-pel
ciudad
ciu-dad
verdad
ver-dad
comer
co-mer
beber
be-ber
Rule #3
When rules 1 & 2 are not followed, then a written accent ( á, é, í, ó, ú) is used:
Words that break rule 1 (should have stress on the penultimate syllable):
miércoles
estación
cuídate
vivió
miér-co-les
es-ta-ción
cuí-da-te
vi-vió
Words that break rule 2 (they should have stress on the last syllable):
lápiz
difícil
fácil
(This group is very small, most words don’t break this rule.)
lá-piz
di-fí-cil
fá-cil
When there are two vowels together we have to consider if they are one or two syllables
and if they form one syllable, which one of them should have the stress?
There are two types of vowels:
Strong vowels: a, e and o
Weak vowels: u and i
Rule A – When 2 strong vowels come together, they make 2 separate syllables:
tarea
caer
poema
peor
ta-re-a
ca-er
po-em-a
pe-or
Rule B – When 2 weak vowels come together they make a dipthong (one syllable):
ruido
viuda
rui-do
viu-da
Rule C – When there is one strong & one weak vowel together, they make a dipthong (one
syllable) and the stress goes on the strong vowel.
idiota
causa
Juan
oigo
There are some words that are homophones – meaning they sound the same, but have
different meaning and in this case, are spelled differently only because of the accent.
UNACCENTED WORD
the ("el papel")
el
yourself ("¿Cómo te llamas?")
te
......si...... If (“Si quieres”)
himself, herself
se
but ("quiero, mas no puedo")
mas
that ("más que nada")
que
your ("tu libro")
tu
my ("mi casa")
mi
of (el doce de octubre)
de
even
aun
él
té
sí
sé
más
qué
tú
mí
dé
aún
ACCENTED WORD
he, him ("Él es deportista, para él")
tea
yes, himself
I know, be ("¡No sé! ")
more ("¿Quieres más?")
what ("¿Qué día es hoy?")
you ("¿Cómo estás tú?")
me ("es para mí")
give (El regalo que yo dé
still
Interrogative pronouns have an accent over their stressed syllable to distinguish them
from adverbial conjunctions.
When asking a question, they ALWAYS get an accent- same for exclamations. (¡Qué
inteligente eres tú!)
¿INTERROGATIVES?
qué
"what" (¿Qué te gusta hacer?)
ADVERBIAL CONJUNCTIONS
......que... "that" (Es importante que estudies).
...
cuándo "when" (¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?) cuando "when" (Me acuesto cuando tengo sueño.)
cómo "how", "what" (¿Cómo te llamas?)
como "since/because", "like", "as" (Marta baila como
una princesa.)
dónde "where" (¿Dónde está el libro?)
quién "who" (¿Quién es tu mejor amigo?)
por qué "why" (¿Por qué hablas tanto?)
donde "where" (Vamos a comer donde vive mi hermano.)
quien "who/that" (Fue Enrique quien rompió la ventana.)
porque "because" (Porque me gusta hablar.)
Full list of interrogatives and translations:









Who?
What?
When?
Where?
To Where?
Why?
How?
Which?
How many?
¿Quién? ¿Quiénes?
¿Qué? ¿Cuál?
¿Cuándo?
¿Dónde?
¿A dónde?
¿Por qué?
¿Cómo?
¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles?
¿Cuánto/a? ¿Cuántos/Cuántas?
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