10-5 Independent and Dependent Events Algebra 2 Slide 1 Independent Events Whatever happens in one event has absolutely nothing to do with what will happen next because: 1. The two events are unrelated OR 2. You repeat an event with an item whose numbers will not change (eg.: spinners or dice) OR 3. You repeat the same activity, but you REPLACE the item that was removed. The probability of two independent events, A and B, is equal to the probability of event A times the probability of event B. P(A and B) = P(A) P(B) Slide 2 Independent Events Example: Suppose you spin each of these two spinners. What is the probability of spinning an even number and a vowel? 1 P(even) = (3 evens out of 6 outcomes) 2 1 (1 vowel out of 5 outcomes) P(vowel) = 5 1 1 1 P(even and vowel) = 2 5 10 1 6 P S 5 2 O T 3 4 R Slide 3 Dependent Event • What happens the during the second event depends upon what happened before. • In other words, the result of the second event will change because of what happened first. The probability of two dependent events, A and B, is equal to the probability of event A times the probability of event B. However, the probability of event B now depends on event A. P(A and B) = P(A) P(B) dependent on A Slide 4 Dependent Event Example: There are 6 black pens and 8 blue pens in a jar. If you take a pen without looking and then take another pen without replacing the first, what is the probability that you will get 2 black pens? P(black first) = 6 3 or 14 7 5 P(black second) = (There are 13 pens left and 5 are black) 13 THEREFORE……………………………………………… 3 5 15 or P(black and black) = 7 13 91 Slide 5 TEST YOURSELF Are these dependent or independent events? 1. Tossing two dice and getting a 6 on both of them. 2. You have a bag of marbles: 3 blue, 5 white, and 12 red. You choose one marble out of the bag, look at it then put it back. Then you choose another marble. 3. You have a basket of socks. You need to find the probability of pulling out a black sock and its matching black sock without putting the first sock back. 4. You pick the letter Q from a bag containing all the letters of the alphabet. You do not put the Q back in the bag before you pick another tile. Slide 6 Independent Events Find the probability P(jack and factor of 12) 1 5 5 x 8 5 = 40 1 8 Slide 7 Independent Events Find the probability • P(6 and not 5) 1 6 5 x 6 5 = 36 Slide 8 Dependent Events Find the probability • P(Q and Q) • All the letters of the alphabet are in the bag 1 time • Do not replace the letter 1 26 0 x 25 0 = 650 0 Slide 9