Survey Network Development
Warm Springs Reservation
1996-2003
Mission Statement
There has long been a desire on the reservation to create a
network of survey benchmarks to allow accurate mapping of
reservation resources and entering of GIS data into databanks
for analysis purposes.
In 1996 the reservation and BIA purchased survey grade GPS
equipment from Trimble to aid in preparation of road
construction plans and stakeout of construction projects.
This presentation will outline the process we went thru in
developing a reservation wide survey network and show the
typical survey monuments we deal with.
NGS System of Monuments
Two Basic Types
Vertical Control Benchmarks
Horizontal
Control
Triangulation
Points
HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/datasheet.prl
Vertical Control
Survey Projects
All projects on reservation
were second order lines.
One first order project
(best accuracy) located
East of Warm Springs
Reservation.
Work completed
September 1958.
Vertical Benchmark X 502
Note:
Horizontal
position
accuracy +/180 Meters.
Typical Equipment for Level
Surveys
Standard Level
Standard Leveling Technique
Triangulation
Manual
Published in
1959
Horizontal
Control
Network
Completed in
January
1957 by Coast and
Geodetic Survey
Typical Support Equipment for
Triangulation Network Surveys
Supply Truck
Field Stations
Setting and
Typical
Brass Cap
Monuments
Typical Survey
Crew Hiking to
Survey Station
Chaining to
Reference
Marks from
Monument
Typical Sighting Targets
Typical Survey Transits/Theodolites
Wild T-3
Theodolite
Engineer’s Transit
Parkhurst 1st
Order Theodolite
NGS Datasheet Station SIDWALLA
Note 1991 Adjustment date
Classical (Terrestrial) Observed Station
Horizontal Control Only
Old NGS Datasheet Station FOSTER
Horizontal Control Station
Foster Azmuth Mark
Note painted metal fence
post. Arrow points to
triangulation station ½ mile
away.
Foster Triangulation Station
With Two Reference Marks
Typical Network Accuracies
Note Increasing Accuracy with more recent time period.
GPS Basics
Navigational
Satellites in
Space and
Receivers on
Earth
Originally designed
to aid in submarine
navigation.
GPS Vector Basics
Two Receivers observing same satellites at same time.
Old
Harn
Network
(1991)
Harn =
High
Accuracy
Reference
Network
NGS Datasheet Old Harn Station
WASCO DAM
HTTP://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ (Current)
CORS = Continous Operating Reference Station
NGS Datasheet Station
GOLDENDALE (CORS)
Typical CORS Stations
GPS Equipment Available
4 CORS Stations
Corvallis, Gwen, Redmond,Kelso
3 Trimble Survey Grade Receivers
2-4700 Model
1-4800 Model
Strategy:
Dedicate 2 Receivers to Apostle Network
4+ Hour Observations (Long Lines)
Use 1 Receiver to Observe Vertical Benchmarks with
Standard Fast-Static Times (Short Lines)
Apostle Network
with CORS ties
Note
Harn Stations And CORS
Stations Did Not Have
Same EPOCH Date
Should we Hold
Harn or CORS?
Apostle
Network
15 New Survey
Monuments on
Reservation
3 new monuments
12 existing monuments
Held 4 (3 off reservation)
Solved for 15 new points
Green = Harn Held XYZ
Blue = Harn Held XY
Red = New Point
Note: Old Harn Data
and Geiod 96
Apostle Network
Error Histograms
Apostle Network Error Ellipses
(Units are in Centimeters)
Note:
CORS station at
Redmond = 1.5cm
Warm Springs Vertical Network
19 Stations Held X,Y, and Z (Apostle Points + Harn Stations)
69 Stations Solved for Position
(Mostly FHWA, BPA, and ODOT Vertical Benchmarks)
Fast Static Solutions
From Known Apostle
Monuments Minimum of
Two Independent
Vectors per benchmark.
Error Histograms
Vertical Benchmarks
Error Ellipses Vertical Network
Station Foster
Held X,Y, and Z
Station G 419
Tree Interference
Stations H 111 and F 419
Normal Survey Benchmarks
New Harn Network
New Harn (1997) vs Old Harn (1991)
Height is ellipsoid height not
the same as elevation data
Elevation is from
Mean Sea Level
Station Junction
Height 1997 = 962.16m
Height 1991 = 962.29m
Difference
= -0.13m
Station Sky
Height 1997 = 963.30m
Height 1991 = 963.30m
Difference
= 0.00m
Station Y 502 (Not in old Harn)
Elevation 1997 = 796.77m
Elevation 1991 = 796.68m
Difference
= +0.09m
Bluebook
Study
Selected 6 Apostle
points on the Warm
Springs Reservation and
resurveyed to NGS
standards for recording
in their database. Points
selected were near
public roads and had
easy access for off
reservation users.
Harn
Densification
2000-2001
Added 6 GPS Stations on
reservation and tied to
first order vertical data.
Network tied 8 counties
together. 4 Independent
vectors per station. Now
GEIOD 99 (Better Model)
HARN Densification Observation Schedule
2 ½ hour sessions (2/day)
NGS Datasheet Station CROOK
Note 1998 Adjustment date
GPS Observed Station
New NGS Datasheet Station FOSTER
Bluebook (1998) vs Classical (1991)
Station Quartz (3d Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 841.06m
Elevation 1991 = 839.72m
Difference
= +1.34m
Station Foster (Triangulation Only)
Elevation 1998 = 766.3m
Elevation 1991 = 765.5m
Difference
= +0.8m
Station Crook (2nd Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 792.96m
Elevation 1991 = 793.19m
Difference
= -0.23m
Warm Springs Survey Network
Current Status 2003
• 48 Permanent Monuments (Three Mile Radius Approx)
– 23 Previous (USGS/FHWA/ODOT/BIA)
– 25 New (BIA GPS control points)
– Yields 5 calibrated sites for RTK survey on reservation
• 46 Elevation Control Points (Historical data BAD!!!)
• 240 Section and Quarter Corners (PLSS)
• 814 Property Pins (Subdivision Lot Corners)
• Next year we will try to get historical data from old Unix
based Mountain Top Software to TGO and Autocad format
for campus area of reservation.
Warm Springs RTK Base Network
Worst Observations
No Outliers 160 Observations
Histogram of Errors In Network
Error Ellipses (in Millimeters)
Note Errors in Height > Horizontal Errors
FHWA
Vertical
Benchmark
3-24
Established in 1972 by
Western Federal Lands
Office in Vancouver,
Washington. Survey is
suspect (all resurveys by
BIA and tribal surveyors
show vertical errors in
adjacent monuments).
Benchmarks are stable
and good location maps.
Vertical Benchmarks vs Previous Data
Station X 502 (2nd Order Vertical)
Elevation 1998 = 796.447m
Elevation 1988 = 796.479m
Difference
= -0.32m
Station 3-24 (3d? Order Vertical FHWA)
Elevation 1998 = 809.631m
Elevation 1991 = 808.349m
Difference
= +1.282m
Calibrated Sites (Communities)
Simnasho
Sidwalter
Kahneeta
WarmSprings
Seekseequa
Average Error 1-2 cm about 0.1 ft or 1 inch
Warm Springs Reservation
Survey Base Stations
Sample Benchmarks
Warm Springs Network
Listed in Order of Importance
USGS Triangulation Benchmarks
New BIA GPS Control Monuments
Old FHWA Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)
Vertical Control Benchmarks (Set in Concrete)
New PLSS Corners (Set firmly in ground)
New BLM Witness Corners (Set firmly in ground)
Old PLSS Corners (High Set Brass Caps)
BPA GPS Survey Monuments (Iron rods and caps with fencepost)
Tribal Engineering Right-of-Way/Property Pins (Permanent control)
BIA Roads Construction Control Points (Temporary project control)
USGS Station Foster
New Style BIA
GPS Control
Monument
Note fencepost to aid in finding
station license number, and date
stamp.
Wolfe GPS Station
GPS Station Wolfe
Vandalized
FHWA Benchmark K11
Typical New PLSS ¼ Corner
Note monument set
deeper in soil to allow
easier survey with
standard bipod.
BLM Witness Corner
Witness to Meander Corner for
Deschutes River.
Fence crib built over brass cap
monument.
Difficult to survey to now.
Typical Old PLSS ¼ Corner
Note high set of brass
cap makes survey
difficult with standard
bipod.
Typical Survey Technique
Old Style PLSS Corner
HI = 0.001 meters
BPA GPS Survey Station WS 1004
Set in 1997 For Flood Plain Study
Iron Rod With Aluminum Cap
Set below ground with fiberglass post
(could be consumed in range fire)
Station in bottom of canyon
Bad visibility of satellites
Not Set in Concrete
Tribal Engineering
Right-of-Way
or Property Pin
White post only for
right-of-way pins.
BIA Roads Branch
Road Construction
Survey Control Point
Note punch mark and control point
number. Temporary Control for
Road Construction Project.
New Style BIA Plastic Cap
Meets Oregon State Standard for Survey Pin
End of Presentation
Thank You