Exam 2 Review
Networking
CS 3470, Section 1
Sarah Diesburg
Switching and Bridging

Definitions

Circuit switching


Packet switching




Also connection-oriented approach
Also connectionless/datagram approach
Asymmetric routing
Hub
Bridge
Switching and Bridging

Definitions



Flooding (with switches)
Root bridge (spanning tree protocol)
VLAN
Switching and Bridging

Short answer




Bridge advantages over hubs
Bridge self-learning algorithm
Need for spanning tree algorithm
Be able to construct the spanning tree by
looking at a network diagram

Don’t have to be able to write out all the
configuration messages
Routers

Definitions




Router
Gateway
Queueing delay
Switching fabrics
Routers

Short answers

Types of switching fabrics



Memory, bus, crossbar
Routers compared to switches
Four basic components to a router
architecture

Input ports, output ports, switching fabric,
routing processor
Forwarding

Definitions




Forwarding table
Virtual Circuit Identifier (VCI)
Permanent Virtual Circuit
Switched Virtual Circuit
Forwarding

Short answers


Identifying full host-to-host virtual circuit
connections
Constructing datagram forwarding tables
Internet Protocol (IP)

Definitions


Internetwork
IP packet delivery model


Connectionless, best-effort
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
Internet Protocol (IP)

Short answer

Be able to explain certain IP packet
format fields


Version, Ident, TTL, Checksum
Be able to compare and contrast the
transport-level protocols that run on top
of IP

TCP, UDP
Addressing

Definitions








Mulit-homed host
Classful addressing scheme
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Broadcast address
Loopback address
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Subnet mask, subnet ID
Longest-prefix match
Addressing

Short answers



Be able to explain number of network/host bits
that make up a class A, B, C network
Be able to explain the reason for the ARP and
DHCP protocols
Be able to determine the destination subnet of a
packet (Homework 6)
Routing

Definitions





Autonomous System (AS)
Intra-AS Routing
Inter-AS Routing
Link-state routing
Distance-vector routing



RIP is example
Count-to-infinity problem
Split horizon with poison reverse
Routing

Short answers


What is the difference between routing
and forwarding?
Dijkstra’s algorithm (Homework 7)
Inter-AS Routing and IPv6

Definitions

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)



Type of link-state routing algorithm
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Different types of ASs

Stub AS, Multihomed AS, Transit AS
Inter-AS Routing and IPv6

Short answers





What are some of the reasons we are trying
to move to IPv6?
How large is an IPv6 address?
What does the :: mean in an IPv6 address?
How can we go from an IPv4 address to an
IPv6 address?
How can we go from an Ethernet MAC
address to an IPv6 address?
Network Programming

Short answers

Control flow of chat


Server side and client side
Creating your own protocols by sending
specialized data across your packet

For example, our chat programs expected a
certain struct chat_packet with specific
members
Network Programming

Short answers

Importance of network-to-host order and
host-to-network order functions


htons() and ntohs()
What is the default network order?

Little-endian or big-endian?