References / Bibliography
For the IB Extended Essay
Why is it important to cite your
sources?

To give due credit to writers whose ideas
contributed to your work;

To allow your reader to follow your research
process, and to do related reading of their
own;

To demonstrate that you are familiar with and
have considered the literature on your
subject.
What do I have to cite?

A direct quotation from another written work;

Statistics;

Charts, tables, diagrams, illustrations;

Paraphrased or summarized ideas or data of
someone else, even if you change the
wording… WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE
How do I cite my references?

General IB Guidelines for Extended Essays
leave you to choose the method you prefer,
as long as you are consistent;

Two main methods: in-text citations, or
numbered systems (footnotes)

Styles include MLA http://www.mla.org/style ,
Chicago, Turabian.
In-Text Citations

Your quote or reference is followed by a
parenthetical reference to the work cited:

Levitt argues that school success has more to
do with the level of education of parents than
the fact that the family is intact (168).
List of Works Cited /
bibliography

You put the full reference in an alpha list of
works cited or a bibliography:

Levitt, Stephen D. and Stephen J. Dubner.
Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores
the Hidden Side of Everything. New York:
HarperCollins, 2005.
Numbered Systems (footnotes)

Your reference is followed by a superscript or
note number that leads you to the reference
at the bottom of the page or at the end of your
text.

You include a full reference list or
bibliography, alphabetical by author, at the
end of your paper.
Citing a web site:
« Avian Influenza (« bird flu ») fact
sheet ». February 2006. World Health
Organization. 24 February 2006.
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsh
eets/avian_influenza/en/index.html>.
Helpful links:
Modern Languages Association Style
www.mla.org/style
 University of S. Queensland
Referencing Guides
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/ehelp
/ref_guides/default.htm

More helpful links:

Simon Fraser University Library
http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/writin
g/biblio.pdf