P E R PA M S I
Persatuan Perusahaan Air Minum Seluruh Indonesia
Association of Indonesian Water Supply Enterprises
www.perpamsi.org
INDONESIAN LESSONS LEARNED
FROM THE 2004 TSUNAMI DISASTER
IN ACEH FOR WATER SECURITY AND
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
IWA World Water Congress and Exhibition
10-14 September 2006, Beijing
Dr. Werner BRENNER, Advisor to PERPAMSI
SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE
Extensive toll on lives
 More than 170.000 dead or missing
 Around 500.000 displaced
Local administration collapsed
 Resumed within 1 month after the Tsunami
Lack of logistics / supplies, manpower,
financial resources from Central
Government
 Emergency stocks were not sufficient to deal
with the scale of disaster
SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE
Lack of transportation infrastructures: Bottleneck in the city of Medan / North Sumatra
 Limited capacity of the airport to accommodate
busy traffic (Banda Aceh, Medan, Lhokseumawe)
 Limited capacity of harbors in Aceh Province
(Malahayati Harbor & Lhokseumawe Harbor)
 Access to West Coast only by air and sea
transportation with a limited capacity
SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE
Lack of communication infrastructures
 No regular facilities of communication
(cable/mobile phone) was available
 Limited communication facility via satellite
Insurgency (GAM)
– Main problem during emergency operation
(mobilization of supplies, expertise, equipment;
construction of infrastructures)
SNAPSHOT ON TSUNAMI RESPONSE
Abundance of support from all over the
world arrived
 Donations, Humanitarian Assistance, Technical
Assistance,…..
 Coordination !!
Extensive damages on infrastructure, social
sector, productive sector and cross sector
 Banda Aceh: 60-80%
 East Coast: 40-60%
 West Coast: 80-100%
Summary Table of Damages and Losses
Property
(US$ million)
Sectors in Aceh Province
Private
Public
Total
Total
Infrastructure:
326
550
876
19.7%
Transport
166
370
536
12.0%
Communications
9
13
22
0.5%
Energy
1
67
68
1.5%
132
89
221
5.0%
18
11
29
0.7%
Social Sectors: Housing, Education,
Health, Culture & Religion
1,440
300
1,740
39.1%
Productive Sectors: Agriculture,
Fisheries, Enterprises
1,132
50
1,182
26.6%
562
89
651
14.6%
3,460
989
Flood Control, Irrigation, Sea Protection
Water & Sanitation
Cross Sectors: Environment,
Administration, Banking & Finance
Total Impact
4,449 100.0%
DAMAGES AND LOSSES IN INFRASTRUCTURE IN ACEH PROVINCE
Private
Public
11
18
Water & Sanitation
Flood Control,
Irrigation, Sea
Protection
89
132
67
Energy
1
13
9
Communications
370
Transport
166
400
350
mio. US$
300
250
200
150
100
50
-
PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY SERVICES
IN ACEH PROVINCE
All Municipalities
Affected Municipalities
265,740
Serviced Population
388,395
2,366,912
Total Population
3,213,776
3,500,000
Inhabitants
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
-
PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE &
LESSONS LEARNED
Forming of a “Task Force” in PERPAMSI to
provide immediate assistance shortly after
the tsunami for emergency relief
– Fact finding mission went to Aceh
– Coordination of activities on 3 levels:
In Jakarta: (PERPAMSI office) linking up with
the donor community, suppliers, organize
transports for donated goods, organize staff
support to utilities in Aceh, ….
In Medan / Province North Sumatra: mostly
logistical support for the overland transport of
goods to Aceh, staff support from utilities
Distribution of goods to the utilities in Aceh
Province
PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE &
LESSONS LEARNED
Emergency relief support to affected water
utilities in Aceh Province (1)
– Installation of mobile water treatment plants
– Provision of chemicals for water treatment
– Staff support from outside Aceh to operate
emergency installations
– Water tanker services to camps
– Repair of utility water treatment installations
PERPAMSI EMERGENCY RESPONSE &
LESSONS LEARNED
Emergency relief support to affected water
utilities in Aceh Province (2)
– Salary payments to utility staff
– Financial support for O&M of installations
– Employment of new staff supported by donors
– Provision of equipment to utilities (pick-up trucks)
– Training and capacity building for new utility staff
– Constructing of deep wells for refugee camps
PERPAMSI EMERGENCY
RESPONSE & LESSONS LEARNED
PARTNERSHIPS
National Level
– With all water utilities
– With governmental institutions
– Private companies operating in the water sector
International Level
– Water utility associations
– Donor community
– NGOs
LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA
CAPACITY RESPONSE
Organizational Set-up on National Level
 The existing national body for disaster was not
effective to respond to the excessive impact
 Executing Agencies: The technical departments of
the Ministries of Public Works, Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Communication and the Military)
 Requirement of a disaster act
Coordination
 Very important in pooling and distributing
responsibilities and available resources (funds,
equipment, manpower, supplies)
 Requirement: A clear and strong command line
INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH
QUAKE HISTORY
Destructive Tsunamis between 1992 and 2004
Location / Province
Year
Fatalities (Human)
Flores / NTT
1992
1.950
East Java
1994
238
Irian Jaya
1996
110
Toli-Toli / Sulawesi
1996
6
Taliabu / Sulawesi
1998
18
Banggai / Sulawesi
2000
4
Aceh
2004
170.000
Source: Latief H., N. T. Puspito, F. Imamura, (2000)
INDONESIAN TSUNAMI AND EARTH
QUAKE HISTORY
Number of Tsunamis and their Sources in Indonesia
between 1600 and 2000
Tsunami Source
Number
Percentage
Tsunamigenic Earthquake
96
90,5 %
Tsunamigenic Volcanos
9
8,6%
Tsunamigenic Landslide
1
1,1%
106
100%
Total
Source: Latief H., N. T. Puspito, F. Imamura, (2000)