Appendix A. Psychometric Properties of Measures Used in Family Intervention Research
Study
Measure
Constructs
Assessed
Morris/2001
General Health Questionnaire28 (GHQ-28)
Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale (HADS)
Albert/2002
Carnevale/2002
Rotondi/2005
Psychological
distress/pathology
Depression and
Anxiety
Population for
which the measure
was developed
General, nondisabled population
General, nondisabled population
Previous use
with TBI
Population
Moderate
Symptom Checklist
Brain-injury related
limitations
Brain injury
population
Little or None
Booklet Questionnaire
Satisfaction with
information
Measures of
caregiving
Stress related to
terminal illness and
financial stress.
Physical and
cognitive
impairment.
The number of pages
visited by each user,
time spent on each
page, modules most
often accessed by
FSOs, and the ease
of accessing and
satisfaction ratings
for the Website.
TBI
ND**
TBI and ABI
ND
Public health
populations,
terminal illness,
chronic illness, and
physical disabilities
Little or None
TBI
ND
Caregiving burden, satisfaction,
and mastery questionnaire
Questionnaire on Resources and
Stress (QRS) for Family
Members of the Chronically Ill
or Handicapped. Adapted from
the Maslach Burnout Inventory
(MBI)
Web site Evaluation
Questionnaire (WEQ)
Little or None
Validity and Reliability
No evidence of validity or reliability
with the brain injury population
Research suggests the HADS is not
an effective tool to screen anxiety or
depression in the TBI population.
Checklist was developed for family
members of persons with brain
injury. No evidence of validity or
reliability.
Study specific measure. No
evidence for validity or reliability.
Homemade measure. No evidence
for validity or reliability.
Two of the sub-scales: Cognitive
Impairment and Terminal Illness
Stress have been found to be
inappropriate for use with the TBI
population.
Study specific measure. No
evidence for validity or reliability.
*Scales for use with Brain Injury Population:
Extensivemeasure used in > than five research studies since 2000
Moderatemeasure used in three to five research studies since 2000
Little or None- measure used in two or less research studies since 2000
**None documented-there is not documentation in the literature for this instruments validity, reliability, standardization for the TBI
population, or previous use with the TBI population.
Study
Measure
Constructs
Assessed
Previous use
with TBI
Population
See above.
Validity and Reliability
See above.
Population for
which the measure
was developed
See above.
Sinnakaruppan/
2005
Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale (HADS)
General Health Questionnaire28 (GHQ-28)
The Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale (RSE)
The COPE Scale
See above.
See above.
See above.
See above.
Self-Esteem
General, nondisabled population
General, nondisabled population
ND
Functional Independence
Measure (FIM)
Independence in
activities of daily
living (ADLS)
Extensive
Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III)
Cognitive Processing General population
Extensive
Rivermead Behavioral Memory
Test (RBMT)
Behavioral Assessment and
Dysexecutive Syndrome
(BADS).
Memory
General population
Moderate
Assessment of
Dysexecutive
Syndrome
Population with
frontal lobe damage
Moderate
No evidence of validity or reliability
with the brain injury population
No evidence of validity or reliability
with the brain injury population
There is substantial validity and
reliability for the use of the FIM as a
measure of functional independence
for brain injury survivors.
Factor analyses was preformed
indicating construct validity for four
sub-scales to be used with the TBI
population: Verbal Comprehension,
Perceptual Organization, Working
Memory, and Processing Speed
Some evidence for validity and
reliability.
Some evidence of type II errors (i.e.,
not detecting impairment) when
testing TBI patients.
Coping skills
ND
See above.
*Scales for use with Brain Injury Population:
Extensivemeasure used in > than five research studies since 2000
Moderatemeasure used in three to five research studies since 2000
Little or None- measure used in two or less research studies since 2000
**None documented-there is not documentation in the literature for this instruments validity, reliability, standardization for the TBI
population, or previous use with the TBI population.