Hites
Foran
Carpenter
Hamilton
Knuth
Schwager
FDA
Health Canada
World Health Organization
Willett Harvard School of Public Health
Gallo Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Blackburn Harvard Medical School
Rimm Harvard School of Public Health
Hahn Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Santerre Purdue University
Guzelian University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center
Lichtenstein Friedman School of Nutrition,
Tufts University
Tucker Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment
Program, Tufts University
Carpenter
O'Sullivan University of Massachusetts
Medical School
Farmed vs. Wild
Cost
(meal for 4
people - 1.5 lbs.)
Availability
Farmed
Wild
$7.50
$22.50
12 mos
4 mos
$20 million
$3 million
July 2003
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Environmental Working Group
PCB = 27 ppb
10 fish/questionable science
Heavy PR (5X wild, 40x beef, etc)
PCBs
2,000 ppb (FDA)
27 ppb
EWG on Food Policy
FDA--wrong idea/numbers
EPA--right idea/numbers
“of course, the omega-3 benefits
are not found in farmed salmon.”
Dr. Frank Hue
“of course, the omega-3 benefits are not
found in farmed salmon.”
“I can say categorically that these quotes
are not mine...My understanding of omega-3
fatty acids in farm-raised salmon is also
from the USDA nutrient database. Thus, I
have no reason to believe that omega-3 fatty
acids are lower in farm-raised salmon based
on the USDA data.”
Dr. Frank Hue
Adapted from
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
January 15, 2004
1. PCBs at any level do not belong in food.
2. We are not satisfied, even with the current
low levels in farmed salmon.
3. We are working and succeeding at lowering
them.
But in the meantime remember two things….
• 23,000 in 100,000--lifetime risk of cancer.
• 1, 2 or 3 additional cases in 100,000
(23,001 in 100,000)
• 0.001 percent (1/1000 of a percent)
increase
• 23,000 in 100,000--lifetime risk of cancer.
• 1 additional case in 100,000 (23,001 in
100,000)
• 0.001 percent
• 30% reduction in CHD
January 2004
• Hites, et.al.
• 700 Fish
• PCBs = 27 ppb
Lots of enemies and few
lots of friends.
Willett Harvard School of Public Health
Gallo Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Blackburn Harvard Medical School
Rimm Harvard School of Public Health
Hahn Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Santerre Purdue University
Guzelian University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center
Lichtenstein Friedman School of Nutrition,
Tufts University
Tucker Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment
Program, Tufts University
Carpenter
O'Sullivan University of Massachusetts
Medical School
“We have an epidemic of bad eating habits and bad
food selections and that’s the forest that’s causing us
so much heart disease, so much cancer, so much
obesity, so much diabetes,” said Dr. George
Blackburn, director of the Center for the Study of
Nutrition and Medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center. “This study on salmon is not even a
branch on a tree in the forest relative to this force of
healthy food that is so important to our longevity, to the
quality of our life, and to preventing us from having
chronic disease.”
The Boston Globe, January 20, 2004
Editorial Opinions About
the “Study” and Farmed Salmon
• The Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2004
• The Boston Globe, January 20, 2004
• Health Sciences Institute e-Alert, January 20, 2004
• The National Post, January 15, 2004
• NPR’s Morning Edition, January 22, 2004
• The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 19, 2004
• The New York Times, January 17, 2004
• FOXNews, January 16, 2004
• The Orlando Sentinel, January 10, 2004
• The Globe and Mail, January 10, 2004
PBDEs
Farmed vs. Wild
•“It’s a little bit hypocritical when we eat so
much junk food and are so overweight that
we would start worrying about fish from
good providers such as established fish
markets.”
•Dr. George Blackburn, Harvard Medical School
•The Journal of the American Medical Association, February 25,
2004
• Environment
• Less omega-3
• More saturated fat
• Color
• Antibiotics
Color
• Big issue with consumers
• Non-issue with regard to health
Color
•
•
•
•
Not dyed………..fed
Same as wild salmon
Animal nutrition requirement
Human nutrition product
Antibiotics
• Only used for disease treatment
• Under direct supervision of
veterinarian
• Strict withdrawal times (FDA, EU,
Japan)
• Less than 3% of feed medicated
Battleground has
shifted……
PCBs
Lots of enemies and few
friends.
Our mission has been
altered.
• Education (media/influencers)
• Trade Assistance
• Feed Issues
• Certification
Farmed Salmon
• Route into humans?
• Route into foods?
• In what foods?
• Effects/Levels?
• Get Ready
• Don’t just pay your dues
• Do the Right Thing--vs. Doing Things Right
And then………
Learned Consumption Patterns
No Silver Bullet