1
SPEAKER WORKSHEET: THE WRITING
PROCESS
TOPIC / TITLE: (Type)
Informative
Persuasive
Entertainment
OCCASION / SITUATION:
SPECIFIC PURPOSE: (At the end of my speech, the audience will)
What you want the audience to know, do, believe or remember
at the end of your speech
* Audience centered
* Behavior oriented
What you want to accomplish. At the end of my speech,
the audience will be able to:
a. to define sexual harassment
b. to identify 3 reasons why…
c. Will volunteer to give blood on…
d. to explain benefits of the exercise.
MAIN IDEA: (One complete sentence summary, a direct statement)
One sentence summary. (thesis statement, proposition, central
idea)
1. Topic
2. What you want to say about subject.
a. Statement NEVER a question.
b. Specific and focused.
c. Gives direction to speech. ( Audience will know
what speech is about and what/where you are
going with topic )
d. What speaker will prove with evidence.
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AUDIENCE ANALYSIS: (Whom are you talking to?)
DEMOGRAPHICS: (Specifics, education, age, finances, religion,
membership, race, occupation)
VALUES, ATTITUDES, BELIEFS: (Attitude, audience reaction to
topic, beliefs, why audience has attitude, values: underlying moral code
Values: Moral code of most audience members. How
their values apply to your topic (example: honesty, education, patriotism and
faith ) * Hard to change.
Beliefs: Determines attitudes, true or false, can be
changed with evidence.
Attitudes: Like / dislikes, favorable / unfavorable,
learned (changed fairly easily) * Determines behavior. What audience feels
about topic. How do you know when audience is listening? During and
after.
CREDIBILITY TECHNIQUES: (Believability – sources, delivery
techniques, experience, audience memory aids, enthusiasm)
What speaker does to help the audience believe and remember his/her
purpose, how speaker can be considered the expert.
5 C’s
Competence:
Knowledgeable
Memory devices
Repeat main idea 3X *
Experience
Delivery techniques (evaluation sheet)
Composure / confidence:
Covers mistakes, delivery
Common ground:
3
Especially if hostile or neutral audience.
Charisma:
Passion, energy, commitment, sincerity, belief.
Credit sources:
Identify where your evidence was obtained, your credentials.
Initial Credibility
Posture, eye contact, attention getter, appearance, clear topic and main
idea, credentials, BREATH, begins when you leave your seat, appeals.
Derived Credibility
Common ground, (WIIFM) What’s In It For Me, Clear organization,
evidence, PRACTICE, relates to main idea.
Terminal Credibility
Effective conclusion, posture, eye contact, remind audience of main
idea, (WIIFM) What’s In It For Me (appeals), willing and able to answer
questions, ends when returned to seat.
APPEALS (NEEDS, MOTIVATIONS): (How can this benefit audience; needs,
motivation)
(WIIFM) What’s In It For Me motivate audience, how will listeners benefit.
MASLOW’S NEEDS
Physiological: Physical
Safety: Insurance, seat belts, protect loved ones.
Social Belonging: Gives identity, part of a whole, love needs, relationship,
recreation.
Esteem: " I am somebody "
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Recognition, rewards, pat on the back, approval
Self-actualization: potential, “BE ALL YOU CAN BE”, personal
improvement, satisfaction, knowledge.
Courage
Compassion
Success
Adventure
Responsibility
Patriotism
Idealism
Brotherhood
Honor
Health
Competition
Equality
Family, friendship
Financial stability
Pleasure
Love, God, Loyalty
Duty
Honesty
Positive benefits
Negative benefits (" IF…. Then….")
* FEAR * protect loved ones
VISUAL AIDS: (TYPE AND PURPOSE)
What kind, why are you using this type?
Makes message clearer and more memorable, reinforces info, interesting
* Murphy's Law * aid only
RESEARCH SOURCES: (M.L.A STYLE) (Identify within speech)
List sources MLA style and credit during speech " In a recent article written
for News Week magazine, author Joe Shmoe…"
" According to Plain Jane, author of…”
SUPPORT TECHNIQUES: (Types of proof, evidence)
Quotes, graphs, pictures, statistics, examples, humor, definitions,
explanations, demonstrate, analyze, refer to common knowledge of historical
event, common beliefs or interests.
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ORGANIZATION TECHNIQUES: (One main technique)
How you say what you want to say, the frame.
Information speech
Time sequence - chronological
Spatial - direction, description of physical placement
Cause / effect - reasons why, results
Hierarchy - order of importance
 Topical - most versatile
Types, qualities and categories
Advantages / Disadvantages
Similarities / Differences
Compare / Contrast
Pro / Con
 Take a large topic and speak on one aspect of it
PERSUASION
Problem / solution
Refutation
Need / Plan
Hierarchy
Cause / Effect
* Monroe’s Motivated Sequence / inspiration speeches
Attention
Need
Satisfaction (plan)
Visualization
Action
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LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES: (Literary skills – metaphor, simile,
repetition, parallelism, etc.)
* Repetition
Catchy phrase
Acronym
TTSP, TDY, LADDER
INTRODUCTION: (Technique)
What will you do to get the audiences attention?
Examples, personal experience, quote, rhetorical question,
startling fact or statement, statistic, refer to occasion, place, historical event,
common knowledge, joke, definition (operational, own words, example,
dictionary), main idea, purpose
OUTLINE:
Roman
Sentence
Key word phrases > 3 x 5 cards
CONCLUSION: (Technique - don't quit)
Restate thesis, summarize important points, motivate response, closure
Example, quote, statistic, answer question, preview future, positive or
negative benefits, pose question, call for action, challenge, dramatic
statement, refer to occasion, history, place, common knowledge, recent
event, joke, story
I hope it's
break
time!