TOPIC: Locomotion
Aim: Use textual evidence to describe the
functions of the skeletal system.
Do Now: Tape Reflex Arc ISA into your
notebook.
HW: Reflex Arc ISA
Let’s summarize:
1. Identify the chemical secreted by
endocrine glands. HORMONES
2. Identify the cells affected by hormones.
TARGET CELLS
3. How are hormones transported to target
cells? BLOOD
4. Identify the structures hormones attach
to on the surface of the target cell.
RECEPTORS
Let’s review: Identify the gland described.
1. Releases hormones in times of stress.Adrenal glands
2. Formerly known as the master gland.Pituitary
3. Release estrogen.Ovaries
4. Regulates metabolism.Thyroid gland
5. Release human growth hormone.Pituitary
6. Regulates blood glucose levels. Pancreas
Gonads
7. Regulates secondary sex characteristics.
Pancreas
8. Release insulin and glucagon.
9. Regulates calcium metabolism. Parathyroid
10.Release testosterone.Testes
11.Releases thyroxine.Thyroid
A Pituitary Gland
B Thyroid Gland
C Parathyroid Gland
D Adrenal Gland
E Pancreas
F Ovaries
G Testes
1. How
many
bones does
the human
skeleton
have?
• 206 bones
2. Why do • A new born baby has 300
bones, while an adult has
adults
have fewer only about 206 bones. This
bones than is because some bones
fuse or grow together as
a baby?
you get older.
• Skeleton of newborn made mostly
of cartilage
3.
Identify
the tissues
that holds
or
connects
bones
together.
• Ligaments
4.
Identify
the tissues
that
connect
muscles to
bones.
• Tendons
Identify the
tissue that is
tearing.
Support
your
answer.
LIGAMENT
It is
connecting
the two
bones.
5.
Identify
where
cartilage
is found.
•
•
•
•
•
Between bones
Rib cage
Ear and nose
Bronchial tubes
Intervertebral discs
6. Describe
the physical
characteristic
s of cartilage.
• Not as hard and rigid as
bones, but it is stiffer
• Less flexible that
muscle.
• Slippery
7.
Describe
how the
skeletal
system
supports
the body.
• Without a skeleton, most
animals, including humans,
would be shapeless pile of
lump muscles.
• The skull protects the
8.
brain
Describe
how the
• The ribcage protects the
skeletal
heart and lungs.
system
provides
protection.
How is your skeletal system involved in
attachment?
• Your bones are a point where muscles,
tendons, and ligaments are attached in the
body.
How is your skeletal system involved in
movement?
• Vertebrates use their skeleton to move.
•
9.
Describe
how the
skeletal
system is •
involved in
blood cell
production.
The bone marrow, the
inside of the bone, is where
all blood cells are
produced.
Red bone marrow
10.
• Stores mineral nutrients,
Describe
especially calcium.
how the
• Phosphorus
skeletal
system is
involved in
storage.
• Yellow BM  fat cells
• If you do not get enough
11. Why is
calcium in your diet, this
it
can cause
important
osteoporosis,
which
to have
makes
the
bones
weak
enough
and brittle.
calcium in
your diet?
Did you know…
1. Yellow marrow is found in the hollow interior
of the middle portion of long bones.
2. Red marrow is found mainly in the flat bones,
such as the pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs,
vertebrae and scapulae, and at the ends of
long bones such as the femur and humerus.
3. When someone is born, all marrow is red.
Eventually, some of it gets converted into
yellow marrow.
4. The fat cells in yellow marrow are the last
resort for body’s energy requirements and can
be consumed in an event of extreme hunger.
Let’s summarize…
1. Identify the tissue that connects muscles to
bones. Tendons
Ligaments
2. Identify the tissue that connects bone to bone.
3. Identify the part of the bone that produces
blood cells. Bone marrow
4. Identify some characteristics of cartilage.
Not as hard as bones, flexible, slippery
5. Identify substances stored in bones.
Calcium, phosphorus, fat
6. How do bones protect the body?
The skull protects the brain.
The ribcage protects the heart and lungs.
Bones
Cranium = Skull
Your face has 14 bones.
Clavicle = collar bone
Rib cage (protect)
Sternum = breast bone
Vertebrae = backbones
Scoliosis
Did You Know?
Humans and giraffes have
the same number of bones
in their necks? A Giraffe’s
neck vertebrae are just
much, much longer!
• Scapula: shoulder blade
Pelvis = hips
Femur = thigh bone (longest &
strongest)
Your Femur (thigh bone)
is stronger than concrete.
• It’s about 1/4 of your
height.
• Bone is stronger, inch
for inch than the steel
used in skyscrapers.
Patella = knee cap
Carpals = wrist bones
Metacarpals = hand bones
If you break your wrist as an
adult it will take you 8
weeks to
heal.
A five year old child who
breaks their wrist only takes
3
weeks to heal.
Phalanges = fingers & toes
One fourth of your bones
are located in your feet.
The only bone not broken so far
during
any ski accident is one located
in your inner ear.
The jawbone is the hardest
in the human body.
• The smallest is the stirrup bone in
the ear which can measure 1/10 of
an inch.
X
Y
Z