“Active citizenship is essential to achieving democracy, development and an equitable society, and these goals cannot be realized by the actions of CSOs alone as they require a much broader mobilization of ordinary citizens engaging and contributing in different ways, and at different levels on issues that they are passionate about” (Malena 2011) “In many former communist countries, revolutionary levels of activism have given way to passivity and CSOs have not been the vehicles of choice for sustained participation for most. This suggests a disconnect between CSOs and citizens, and sounds an urgent warning to ensure that this experience, where the CSO model failed both as a vehicle for participation and as a bulwark against repressive governments, is not repeated in other parts of the world, such as the MENA countries.” Civicus report: Broadening civic space through voluntary action: Lessons from 2011. “A consistent portrait is emerging of two gaps: One between CSOs and other sectors such as the state and the market and one between CSOs and citizens. These invite us to question our assumptions about what CSOs can and cannot so, how they are organized and set themselves up, and what additional relationships and connections may be required.” Civicus report. “…the most successful participatory governance initiatives are seen to be those in which voluntary citizen action is at the centre and CSOs play an active enabling role: • create spaces and mechanisms for citizen-state engagement; • facilitate and mediate citizen-state relations; • nurture political will for participatory governance approaches; • strengthen the capacity of citizens to act and advocate on their own behalf.” (Civicus report). •For many CSOs, this implies working in a slightly different way – with less emphasis on being the advocate and increased emphasis on informing and empowering citizens…”. (Malena 2011.) localearthsandiego.wordpress motherofmercy.org highpowersupport.com plannedparenthood.org http://prairiefarm.k12.wi.us istockphoto.com nascireland.org business-fundas mikehorn.com btcparish.org