Heart
Heart

A large muscle which pumps blood
throughout the body
1. Chambers- 4
A.
Upper: right and left atria
Right-receives de-oxygenated
blood from body
Left- receives oxygenated blood
from lungs
B.
Lower: Right and Left Ventricle
Right-pumps blood into lungs
Left- pumps blood to the body
2. Valves- 4
A.
Diastole: Relaxes
1. tricuspid valve-regulates
blood flow between Right Atrium
(RA) and Right Ventricle (RV)
2. Mitral Valve- lets Oxygen rich
blood from your lungs pass from
LA to LV
B.
Systole: Contraction
1. Pulmonary valve - Controls
blood flow from rv into pulmonary
arteries go to lungs for O2
2. Aortic valve - Opens the way
for rich blood to pass from LV
into aorta.
3. Double Pump- pumps oxygenated
& deoxygenated blood (2)
A.
B.
Right side –
receives and
sends blood low in
O2 to get more O2.
Left side –
receives O2 rich
blood and pumps
to whole body.
Path of Blood
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Low oxygenated blood enters RA
Tricuspid valve
RV
Contraction (tricuspid-closes,
pulmonary-opens)
Pulmonary artery
Branches into R & L lung
7. Gas exchange CO2-O2
8. Oxygenated blood enters LA
9. Mitral valve
10. LV
11. Contracts (Mitral-closes, aortic
opens)
12. aorta
13. Fills capillaries
6.
Path of Blood- 13 steps
Label the following structures: pg. 327
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
RA
tricuspid valve
RV
pulmonary valve
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
LA
10. mitral valve
11. chordea tendineae
12. LV
13. aortic valve
14. aorta
15. papillary mus.
16. septum
17. apex
Heart pumping
HEART BEAT
vital sign
 calculated in “bpm”
 males 70 bpm
 females 75 bpm

newborn-130
3 months-150
1 year- 125
3 years- 100
12 years- 85
adult- 60-101
A. Heart Rate Abnormalities
1.
2.
Tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart
Bradycardia: slow beating of the heart –
heart rate under 60 bpm
B.
Target Heart Rate:
Desired range of heart rate reached
during aerobic exercise.
Age
Target HR Zone
50–85 %
Average Maximum
Heart Rate
100 %
20 years
100–170 beats per minute
200 beats per minute
25 years
98–166 beats per minute
195 beats per minute
30 years
95–162 beats per minute
190 beats per minute
35 years
93–157 beats per minute
185 beats per minute
40 years
90–153 beats per minute
180 beats per minute
45 years
88–149 beats per minute
175 beats per minute
50 years
85–145 beats per minute
170 beats per minute
55 years
83–140 beats per minute
165 beats per minute
60 years
80–136 beats per minute
160 beats per minute
65 years
78–132 beats per minute
155 beats per minute
70 years
75–128 beats per minute
150 beats per minute
Heart Sounds
LUB-S1: Block reverse blood flow due to
closure of atroventricular valves (mitral,
tricuspid)
DUPP-S2: sudden block of reversing blood flow
due to closure of aortic and pulmonary
valves.
Heart Sounds
heartbeat
Heart Mumurs

Abnormal sounds due to a turbulent
flow of blood
Causes:
blood flowing faster
increase in blood
illnesses (fever, anemia)
B. AV (atrioventricular) node: picks up
impulse from SA and flows down the
septum to carry the impulse over
each of the ventricles.
EKG (electrocardiogram)

the tracing of the hearts electrical
activity. Help diagnose arrhythmias.
3 types of waves
1. P wave: records electrical activity of
atria
2. QRS wave: records electrical activity of
ventricles
3. T wave: records the hearts return to
rest
Pulse: “heart rate”-rate at
which your heart beats.
Pulse is what you feel over an artery
as the pressure inside increases following
each heart beat.
Blood Pressure
refers to the force exerted by
circulating blood on the walls of
blood vessels
Measurement: Can be measured
invasively (by penetrating the skin
and measuring inside the blood
vessels) or non-invasively
1.
2.
Systolic Pressure: maximum
pressure in an artery-beating and
pumping
Diastolic Pressure: is the lowest
pressure in an artery-resting
Why might a solider standing at
attention for a long period of time faint?
If the leg muscles are not
used, blood is not pumped
back to the heart. As a
result, blood pools in the leg
veins, and blood pressure
falls