Kayla Jordan
D. Wayne Mitchell
RStats Institute
Missouri State University
What is SEM?
Statistical technique useful for testing
theoretical models
 Theory-driven
 Confirmatory

Types of Variables
Manifest or Observed Variable
Error
Endogenous
Latent Variable
Exogenous Variable
Residual
Types of Models
Measurement Model
Structural Model
Degrees of Freedom



Knowns: n(n+1)/2 -> 8(9)/2 -> 36
Unknowns: 5 factor loadings, 2 path coefficients, 8
error variances, 2 residuals -> 17 total unknowns
Degrees of Freedom: Knowns – Unknowns -> 19
Estimates
Factor Loadings
Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model)
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
<--<--<--<--<--<---
Harm
Harm
Harm
Harm
Harm
Harm
Estimate
1.000
1.020
1.096
.883
.692
.643
S.E.
C.R.
P
.112
.111
.112
.153
.171
9.105
9.843
7.900
4.508
3.754
***
***
***
***
***
Label
Indicates all
observed
variables are
measuring the
latent variable.
Standardized Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model)
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
<--<--<--<--<--<---
Harm
Harm
Harm
Harm
Harm
Harm
Estimate
.716
.705
.768
.608
.344
.286
Values closer to one
indicate that the
observed variable is
measuring latent
better (e.g., H3 is a
better item than H6)
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Path Analysis
Full Structural Model
Multi-Trait, Multi-Method
Fit Indices
Model Fit Summary
CMIN
Model
Default model
Saturated model
Independence model
NPAR
70
465
30
CMIN
1021.692
.000
2715.382
NFI
Delta1
.624
1.000
.000
RFI
rho1
.586
DF
395
0
435
P
.000
CMIN/DF
2.587
.000
6.242
Baseline Comparisons
Model
Default model
Saturated model
Independence model
.000
IFI
Delta2
.730
1.000
.000
TLI
rho2
.697
.000
CFI
.725
1.000
.000
RMSEA
Model
Default model
Independence model
RMSEA
.089
.162
LO 90
.082
.156
HI 90
.096
.168
PCLOSE
.000
.000
Model Comparisons



Need for Multiple Models
Chi-Square Difference
CFI Difference
Assumptions




Sample Size
Normality
Outliers
Multicollinearity
Programs
Questions?
Contact: kaylajordan91@gmail.com