Gay and lesbian social movement
UMD Library: “Before Stonewall,” “After
Stonewall”
 Gay pride marches, beginning in San Francisco
 AIDS and the AIDS quilt
 Marriage as a goal: Iowa, Maine

Establishing causality in sociology

Three criteria
– Correlation: knowing the value of the first
variable (X) helps predict the second
variable(Y)
– Time order: the causal variable comes first
– Lack of spuriousness: We can’t find some
third variable (Z) that accounts for the
correlation by affecting both X and Y
Cross tabulation

Always put what you think is the
independent variable in the columns and
percentage within columns
Working class
Middle
class
Totals
Natural growth
32(80%)
15(20%)
47(41%)
Concerted
cultivation
8(20%)
60(80%)
68 (59%)
Totals
40(100%)
75 (100%)
115(100%)
We can make parenting style
the independent variable
Concerted
cultivation
Natural
growth
Totals
100%
100%
100%
Siblings
fight more
Siblings
fight less
Totals
Concerted cult.
Natural growth
totals
Good sibling rels
8(44%)
4(40%)
12(43%)
Fair sibling rels
9(50%)
5(50%)
14(50%)
Lots of conflict
1(6%)
1(10%)
2(7%)
No siblings
0
0
Totals
18(100%)
10(100%)
28(100%)
Lareau, ch. 12: The Power and
Limits of Social Class
Summary, p. 238
 Key distinction, for her purposes, between
middle class and upper class vs. working
class/poor
 Race mattered in children’s everyday lives, but
less than she’d have expected
 “As a middle class Black boy, Alexander Williams
had more in common with white middle-class
Garrett Tallenger than he did with less privileged
Black boys, such as….”:

Advantages and Disadvantages
for each style
Middle class: p. 241
 Working class: p. 242
 But when it comes to institutionalized
dynamics outside the home, the
advantages of concerted cultivation
become clearer… school, university,
employment in large formal organiztions

Globalization and changes in the
world economy
Middle class parents very concerned about
preparing their kids to succeed
 Mixed feelings but…”I’m not really sure it
is a good thing to be so busy, but I want
to give her the advantages I didn’t have.”
 L references Family Life First in Wayzata
but it seems to have disappeared.
 Is there a way to bring the advantages of
concerted cultivation to the working class?
See p. 255

Preparing for Exam Two
1. Study guide
 2. Review each family
 3. Read test questions carefully and be
sure you look at all the choices
