Japan

Four Generic Types of Cultures
2. Vertical Collectivism / Authority
Ranking Cultures
Ch. 02 The Thai Kingdom
Ch. 03 The Japanese Garden
Ch. 04 India: The Dance of Shiva
Ch. 05 Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia
Ch. 06 The Turkish Coffeehouse
Ch. 07 The Brazilian Samba
Ch. 08 The Polish Village Church
Ch. 09 Kimchi and Korea

Fig. 1.2. Four Generic Types of Cultures (p. 15)
POWER
DISTANCE
Low
(horizontal)
INDIVIDUALISM COLLECTIVISM
Equality
Matching
(interval)
Community
Sharing
(nominal)
High
(vertical)
Market
Pricing
(ratio)
Authority
Ranking
(ordinal)

Four Generic Types of Cultures
2. Vertical Collectivism /
Authority Ranking Cultures authority ranking found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America involves a psychological relationship between the leader or leaders and all others in the culture

Four Generic Types of Cultures
2. Vertical Collectivism /
Authority Ranking Cultures frequently, such a culture is symbolized not by the handshake, which reflects equality, but by different forms of bowing

Four Generic Types of Cultures
2. Vertical Collectivism /
Authority Ranking Cultures there is a dynamic, two-way relationship between subordinates and leaders in authority ranking cultures
• although the leaders receive more rewards, they are responsible for safeguarding the livelihoods of subordinates

Unit of analysis in the book = the nation or national culture
Other “units of analysis” may include: one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo ) the family (e.g., Strodtbeck, see later) the community a region a culture

IBM study demonstrated that national culture explained 50% of the differences in attitudes in IBM’s
53 countries
(p. 5)

“Metaphors are not stereotypes.”