Slide 1
Chapter 6 Cultural Identity
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Cultural Identity
Cultural Biases
Intercultural Contact
Intercultural Communicator
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Slide 2
Cultural Identity
• Nature of Identity
– Cultural identity: belonging to a particular
culture or ethnic group
Ethnic Identity: generally defined on the basis
of cultural criteria (customs, language)
Racial Identity: generally defined on the basis
of physical criteria (skin color, facial features)
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Slide 3
Identity
Social Identity: Memberships that are
particular to cultural identity
Personal Identity: Activities that differ
from cultural identity; Sexuality;
individuality
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Slide 4
Identity
 Gender identity
 Pink or Blue?
 Nature or Nurture?
 Brain Research: Color, texture, motion, Language
 Age Identity
 Infant/Child
 Adolescent
 Adult
 Middle Age
 Senior Citizen
 Mixed Identity
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Slide 5
Identity
• Religious identity
• Socioeconomic Identity
• National/Regional Identity
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Slide 6
Identity Development
• Unexamined Cultural Identity
• Cultural Identity Search
• Cultural Identity Achievement
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Slide 7
White Privilege
• Normative Race Privilege
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Dominant culture
Individual Identity
Guilt for being white
Perceptions of Privilege
Loss of privilege
– (reading)
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Slide 8
Ethnocentrism
The tendency people have to evaluate
others according to their own standards and
experience
While this tendency can help bind people
together, it can also present serious
obstacles to cross-cultural interactions
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Companies,Human
Inc. All
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reserved.
Cushner/McClelland/Safford,
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Slide 9
Categorization
 Categorization is the
cognitive process by
which all human
beings simplify their
world by grouping
similar stimuli
 Our categories give
meaning to our
perceptions
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 A prototype image
best characterizes the
meaning of a category
 Example: for the
category “bird,” we
usually think of
robins, not chickens
(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2004 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,Human
Inc. All
rights
reserved.
Cushner/McClelland/Safford,
Diversity
in Education,
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Slide 10
Stereotypes
Stereotypes are socially constructed categories
of people
They usually obscure differences within groups
They are frequently negative and play to
ethnocentric ideas of “the other”
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(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2004 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,Human
Inc. All
rights
reserved.
Cushner/McClelland/Safford,
Diversity
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Slide 11
Understanding Prejudice and
Racism
Ethnocentrism leads people to believe that
their own “ways” are good and “natural”
Prejudice implies a lack of thought or care
in making a judgment about others
While racial and ethnic prejudice can be
expressed both positively and negatively, in
the United States it is most often negative
McGraw-Hill
(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2004 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,Human
Inc. All
rights
reserved.
Cushner/McClelland/Safford,
Diversity
in Education,
5/e
Slide 12
Racism, Cont’d
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Symbolic Racism
Tokenism
Aversive Racism
Likes & dislikes
Degree of unfamiliarity
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Slide 13
Extreme Cases of Prejudice
 Racism—the transformation of prejudicial
attitudes through the use of power directed toward
those one regards as inferior
 Hate Groups—any organized body that denigrates
select groups of people based on ethnicity, race,
religion, or sexual orientation
 White Privilege—the largely unconscious
acceptance by dominant groups of privileges
denied to oppressed groups
 Racial Profiling—law enforcement practices
aimed at those who “fit” a particular profile—
usually age, ethnicity, and/or race
McGraw-Hill
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© 2004 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,Human
Inc. All
rights
reserved.
Cushner/McClelland/Safford,
Diversity
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5/e
Slide 14
Something to Think About
“One of the higher callings for young
people in the coming century will be
working to increase intercultural
understanding. Such people will be the
missionaries of the age, spreading light
among groups. . .by giving them a modern
vision of the new global community.”
—Carl Coon
McGraw-Hill
(c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2004 The McGraw-Hill
Companies,Human
Inc. All
rights
reserved.
Cushner/McClelland/Safford,
Diversity
in Education,
5/e