範例一
我的學校
主要學習範疇：
適用課程：
貼近學生生活的學習經歷
(2) 時間、延續與轉變
綜合人文科、歷史、中國歷史、生活教育、思維訓練
簡介
將學生的學習與日常生活經驗結合，能提高學生對課題的興趣，亦使他們更加投
入，提升學習成果。而學習歷史，不一定要由年代久遠的時代或歷史悠久的地區
開始：從學校出發，讓學生親身搜集資料，不但更有趣味，亦可以增加對學校的
歸屬感。
以下兩份中一級教材以學校為背景，引入學習歷史的元素，正是讓歷史研習走進
日常生活的例子。
《學校歷史資料的分類》節錄自綜合人文科「種籽」計畫的課題《我的學校(歷
史)》
，是課程發展處與學校合作設計的中一級學習材料，亦經本組委託香港浸會
大學教學發展中心「思維工程」修訂，以突出其中的思維技巧元素。
“School History” 由英皇書院教師設計，用於該校的校本綜合人文科，著重歷史
意義、事實與意見、時序等概念，並讓學生瞭解校舍建築特色及學校的歷史大事，
使學生透過真實和具親切感的環境，掌握研習歷史的技巧。
設計元素
貼近生活
知識基礎
思考技能
價值情意
從最熟悉的校園開始研習歷史。
認識史料的分類和歷史科概念。
透過重塑學校歷史，培養各種思考技能。
更加瞭解學校，加強對學校的歸屬感。
多維思考
「歷史」的不同意義。
學校歷史資料的分類
思維教案
教學目標
課文內容
深入了解本校的歷史
思維技巧或過程
掌握分類思維技巧和分辨證據架構的思維技巧
學生已有知識︰將學校歷史事件排序，嘗試從不同途徑搜集關於學校歷史的資料。
(I) 引發動機

提問︰
a.
在完成第一章的工作紙時，你透過哪些途徑獲得學校資料/歷史？（可能答
案︰查看學生手冊、校刊；訪問老師、高年級的學兄/姐。）
b.
當你看到或聽到別人的說法時，你有否懷疑他們的答案是否正確？（答案因
人而異）

闡述︰
a.
我們需要運用資料來作出合適的決定，但我們不可能全知，故此必須透過其
他途徑獲得資料幫助解決問題，例如看書和詢問別人。可是這些途徑可能會
在有意或無意間提供一些無價值或錯誤的資料給我們，我們要懂得分辨才不
致被誤導。稍後的幾個課節會介紹一些批判思維技巧幫助我們去分辨與評估
資料。
b.
「證據」一詞稍後會常出現，它包括觀點、論點、想法、思想等等，用來表
示一種觀點的論據，目的是支持論點的正確性（工作紙 2.1）
。
(II) 教學實踐

提問︰
在尋找學校歷史途徑之中，
「查看學生手冊」與「訪問老師」有甚麼主要分別？（可
能答案︰使用文字、說話）

闡述︰
歷史資料可分成兩大類︰（一）文字；
（二）非文字，例如︰口頭說話。
按事物性質分門別類可以清楚了解事物本身，這種思維技巧叫做「分類法」
。

小組活動︰
a.
利用工作紙 2.2 作分類練習（可能答案︰參考答案紙 2.2）
。
b.
你認為要了解學校的或某地方的歷史，可以透過什麼途徑呢？進行小組討論
來找出可能的途徑（可先完成工作紙 2.3；可能答案︰參考答案紙 2.3），然
後利用分類思維技巧導圖（工作紙 2.4）將這些途徑分類（可能答案︰參考
答案紙 2.4）
c.
既然使用不同途徑都能夠達到認識學校的目的，你會選擇親身遊覽一次校園
或是透過翻閱校刊來了解學校？各有甚麼好處？（答案因人而異）。

闡述︰
解釋「一手資料」和「二手資料」及它們各自的好處。將親身經歷直接記錄下來
的就是「一手資料」
；將「一手資料」或「原始資料」經他人整理或再演繹記錄下
來的，就是「二手資料」。
「二手資料」的特色包括︰(1)
撰寫人不須親身經歷有
關事件，以「一手資料」或「原始資料」為藍本；(2) 撰寫人以個人的理解，再將
「一手資料」重寫一遍。
（完成工作紙 2.5；可能答案︰參考答案紙 2.5）

提問︰
你會較為相信「一手資料」還是「二手資料」？（可能答案︰「一手資料」
，因為
「二手資料」必須依賴撰寫人能準確無誤地掌握資料。）

闡述︰
例如「一手資料」
，在支持論點上是屬於獨立的證據；如果某證據的正確性取決於
另一項證據，該證據便屬於依附證據，即「二手資料」
。在批判思維當中，考慮證
據的架構時，要分辨證據本身是「獨立」還是「依附」
，因為這些會影響證據的可
信性。
(III) 反思

反思問題︰
a.
利用分類思維技巧能否掌握尋找校史的途徑？
b.
證據架構思維技巧對你日後聽取別人的說法時有什麼啟示？
c.
你認為「一手資料」等於獨立證據嗎？
(IV) 強化 / 評估

利用分類思維技巧導圖認識本校，例如以設施、活動、人物等等作分類項目。
備註欄
1.
教師自行決定是否需要完成工作紙 2.2 及 2.3。
工作紙 2.1
從資料到證據
搜集證據的時候，我們會遇上大量資料，但它們並不全部是有用的。我們
除了要選擇相關的資料外，更重要的是辨別它們的可信性。這是一件不容
易辦到的事情，因為它們受著很多因素影響，例如有些人專門偽造文件或
文物（如希特拉日記）。又例如一些口述歷史，單憑個人記憶，難免有失
誤的地方，年代越久遠，失誤的機會越大。你能否想到其他因素呢？
人們可能有選擇性地敘述事件的某一部分
人們的敘述可能受個人的背景或既有的觀念影響而出現偏差
信我吧！我吃了
這牌子的減肥藥
只有短短的兩星
期，便已經減了
50 磅。
「證據」包括觀點、論點、想法、思想等等，用來表示一種觀點的論據，目的是
支持論點的正確性。
答案紙 2.2 證據 / 歷史資料的類別
同學們，你們知道歷史資料可分為哪些類型？你們可將下列資料分成哪些類型？
下列哪些資料屬於「文字資料」？哪些屬於「非文字資料」？
請在下面填上合適的英文字母。
文字資料︰a、b、f
非文字資料︰c、d、e、g
a. 日記
c. 魚骨造的針
b. 報紙
e. 天壇
d. 相片
我還記得那時
候……
g. 口述歷史/訪問記錄
f. 香港年鑑
答案紙 2.3
在考證[ ]中學歷史的時候，你搜集了甚麼類別的資料（參考附頁一）？你也可
以利用實地考察舊校舍所得到的資料，完成以下圖表，然後作一簡單的核對。如
果這些資料只是集中於一兩類，你可否對其他類別作一些建議？
在考證[
]中學歷史時，可搜集及運用下列資料︰
資料類別
例子
1. 文字資料
a. 官方

b. 非官方

c. 私人

校刊、學生紀錄、學生成績表、校務會議
紀錄等
學生報等
學生週記、學生給老師或校長的信、個人
的公開試成績單、手冊等
2. 非文字資料
a. 口述回憶
曾在學校任職或就讀的人士的口述歷史，
 如校長、教師、校務員、校工、校友及學
生等
b. 文物
 建築物
 物件
c. 考古發現
校舍
 校慶紀念品、奠基石、學校活動的照片、
 校服、校章、學校建築物的圖則或模型等

不適用
工作紙
2.4
把尋找學校歷史的途徑分類
分類法
運用這方法把項目分類可達致甚麼目的？
 本思維技巧導圖源自＜中學思維教學＞  香港浸會大學思維工程 2003 版權所有  授權於課堂上使用 
答案紙
2.4
把尋找學校歷史的途徑分類
分類法
學生報
校長的
演講辭
校務會
議紀錄
學生成
績表
學校通
告
校刊
手冊
官方
學生週
記
報章/雜誌報
導
文字資料
其他來源
私人
師生間
的信件
原始
資料
師生的對話
紀錄
口述回憶
非文字資料
考古發現
文物
物件
校服
學校模型
建築物
學生活動的
照片
校慶紀念品
校舍
奠基石
運用這方法把項目分類可達致甚麼目的？
根據資料的表達模式去分辨資料的類別。
 本思維技巧導圖源自＜中學思維教學＞  香港浸會大學思維工程 2003 版權所有  授權於課堂上使用 
答案紙 2.5 (答案)
原始資料
文字資料
官方
非官方
例： f
例：
非文字資料
私人
b
例：
口頭傳說
a
例：
文物
考古發現
例： c
g
建築物
物件
例： e
例：
d
剛才你們已分辨甚麼是「文字資料」及「非文字資料」；原來歷史資料還可以分
為「一手資料」及「二手資料」。
你知道甚麼是「一手資料」/「二手資料」嗎？
1.
今早，你在上學途中的所見所聞，請用文字記錄下來。
2.
把自己的記錄交與鄰座同學，他看完後便把它放進自己的抽屜內；然後他以
自己的文字再寫一次。
把自己的紀錄與鄰座同學所寫的作一比較，看看有否異同。
3.
總結：
將親身經歷直接記錄下來的就是「一手資料」[如(1)的情況]；
將「一手資料」或「原始資料」經他人整理或再演繹記錄下來的，就
是「二手資料」。
「二手資料」的特色包括：

撰寫人不須親身經歷有關事件，以「一手資料」或「原始資料」
為藍本；

撰寫人以個人的理解，再將「一手資料」重寫一遍。
School History
(A)
What is History?
Three meanings of the word ‘history’
1. History as
An event is a human activity. Any human activity that has happened – is history.
2. History as
of past events
To remember past events, we need to make a record of them. However, we only
record the important ones.
3. History as the
of the record of past events
To understand the importance of past events and to learn from them, we must
study them.
Activity 1
Study the pictures below, and then answer questions (a) and (b).
Cover of Harry Potter and
the Order of the Phoenix
Picture (i)
Picture (ii)
(a) Picture (i) is about the fiction- Harry Potter. Picture (ii) shows King’s College
after the World War II, 1945. Which one is history? Which one is not history?
Explain your answer.
Picture ______ is history because
Picture _ _i__ is not history because
.
it is not a record of past events
.
Special Features of History
1.
Continuity (延續性) - because some events in history continue to happen in the same way
2. Change (改變)
- because our society is always changing
(B) Why do we study school history, Hong Kong history, China’s history
and World history?
1.
We can understand the present through its past.
The current school badge is used from 1 July 1997 onwards.
Before 1 July 1997
i)
ii)
After 1 July 1997
Can you point out the main difference between them?
Do you know why we have to make such a change?
To understand why this happened, we have to go back to the time when the
British started ruling Hong Kong.
2.
History lets us understand our own culture
History shows how the culture to which you belong has come into being.
By studying the history of King’s College, we understand why there are six
Houses in our school. By studying the history of Hong Kong, we understand why
Hong Kong is a special place in which Eastern and Western cultures meet.
3.
Through history, we can learn the skills of historians
Historians check different
and find as much
as possible
to support their conclusion. They do not believe in everything right away.
The study of History helps us decide what is right and wrong, true and false and
to distinguish opinions from facts (refer to p.10). It makes us think before
accepting something and helps us make our own judgements.
(C) Counting Time:
When we study history, we need to know the time when an event happens.
We can classify our school events according to the principals’ term of office or
pre-war and post-war period as follows:
Before the War
January 1927 – June 1934
Mr. Alfred Morris
June 1934 – March 1939
Mr. William Kay
March 1935 – November 1935
Mr. W.L. Hadyside (Acting)
March 1937 – December 1937
Rev. G.E.S. Upsdell (Acting)
March 1939 – November 1941
Mr. H.G. Wallington
After the War
October 1946 – July 1947
Mr. J.J. Ferguson
August 1947 – September 1951
Mr. J.M. Wilson
September 1951 – July 1954
Mr. C.W. Sargison
July 1954 – January 1957
Mr. F.K. Leung
January 1957 – July 1960
Mr. C.W. Sargison
July 1958 – March 1959
Mr. G.S. Coxhead (Acting)
September 1960 – June 1967
Mr. G.S. Coxhead
January 1963 – August 1963
Mr. P.R. Halliwell (Acting)
June 1967 – June 1971
Mr. H.W. Clarke
April 1969 – January 1970
Mr. H.N. McNeill (Acting)
June 1971 – October 1977
Mr. D.R. Madan
October 1977 – August 1986
Mr. K. F. Chu
September 1986 – December 1996
Mr. W. T. Poon
January 1997 – August 1997
Mr. C.W. Leung (Acting)
September 1997 – Present
Mr. Y. S. Ho
Historians divide history into different periods.
1.
Prehistoric times and Historic Times
a) Prehistoric times (史前時期)
This is the period before writing was invented.
b) Historic Times (信史時期)
This is the period after writing was invented.
2.
Christian Dating Method
a) BC or Before Christ (公元前)
 the years before Christ’s birth. The ‘BC’ years are counted
.
b) AD or Anno Domini (公元)

the years after Christ’s birth. The Latin words ‘Anno Domini’ mean
‘In the year of our Lord’. The ‘AD’ years are counted
.
If an event happened 150 years before AD 1, it occurred in 150 BC.
We can also say that it happened about 2154 years ago, based on this:
From AD 1 to this year
From AD 1 to 150 BC
Total
=
=
=
About 2,004 years
About 150 years
2,154 years
In AD 1926 King’s College was established. This means that the event took
place in the 1926th year after AD 1.
Remarks:
For the AD years, sometimes we can omit ‘AD’ to make things simple.
For BC years, however, we must not do that.
3000 BC
2000 BC
1000 BC
BC (Before Christ)
AD 1
AD 1000
AD2000
AD (Anno Domini)
(D) Use of sources
In the study of history, we may use
1. Non-written sources
These sources refer to the material remains of the past. Examples of non
written sources of our school history include
2. Written Sources
Written sources appeared only after the invention of writing in about 4000
BC. Example of written sources of our school history include
3. Primary Sources (原始資料)
These sources are______________________accounts by the people who
lived through the events in history.
During the Second World War, our principal, Mr. G. X. Coxhead (1958-67)
kept a diary while imprisoned by the Japanese. In it, he wrote down events in
the war days and the days as a prisoner-of-war in Innoshima, Japan. This
diary is a primary source, of Mr. Coxhead’s own personal history, Hong
Kong history and King’s College history.
4. Secondary Sources (二手資料)
These are
accounts by the people who have not taken
part in the events.
If you write a piece of article about Mr. Coxhead’s experience during the
Second World War. That is a piece of secondary source.
(E) Chronology
When we study history, we also need to know the dates when events happen.
Historians call this study of time and dates chronology (年代學) , and the order
in which events happen
(按年排列).
A time-line (時序線) is used to show the order in which events happen.
Centuries (世紀), decades (十年), years, months or days are used as units.
Help Box
1 decade = 10 years
1 century = 10 decades
In which century is the year 2004? Explain your answer. (Hints: make use of the
time-line below)
BC
BC 200-101
BC 100-1
2nd century BC
1st century BC
AD
AD 1-100
AD 101-1900
AD 1901-2000
1st century AD 2nd-19th century AD 20th century AD
Activity 2
You are the editor of the school magazine. You want to introduce the history of
King's College to your fellow students. You have collected some information from
different sources. However, the information is not organized. Can you rearrange
the following pieces of information according to the chronological order and fill in
the table on page 6 and draw a time-line. The first one is already done for you.
In 1988, compulsory musical
instrumental classes were
introduced in secondary 1 in
order to develop the sense of
appreciation of music among
the students.
From 1966 onwards,
girls were admitted in
Secondary 6.
The Students Union
was formed in 1992.
The West Wing was
opened in 2000.
King’s College Old
Boys
Association
(K.C.O.B.A.)
was
King's College was
established in 1926.
In 1941, King’s College
was used as a military
mule and horse stable for
the Japanese Army when
Hong Kong was occupied
by the Japanese.
Mr. Alfred Morris
was appointed the
first principal of
the school.
formed in 1935.
In 1993, the King’s
College Parent Teacher
Association (KCPTA)
was set up to provide a
bridge between the
school and the parents.
In 1991, air-conditioning was
provided and the windows were
double-glazed in classroom along
Western Street to give a better
study environment to students.
History of King’s College
Using the information on p.7, complete the following table. You can add your findings.
Year
Event(s)
1926
King’s College was established
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Time-Line
(F) Facts and Opinions
1. Facts
Facts are something that actually happened. They are pieces of information or
knowledge that can be proven.
2. Opinions
An opinion is what one thinks or believes about something. People often have
different opinions on the same subject.
Activity 3
Study the following sources about King's College and try to identify facts and opinions.
Source A
Extracted from the Principal’s Speech of 1999 Annual Speech Day
…… While academic achievement is an important indicator to show the
strength of a School, King’s College is proud that we are more concerned
with providing an all-round education. Miss HUNG Hoi-yi of 7A
obtained distinctions in all 5 subjects she took in the HKALE and Mr.
CHEUNG Wai-ki of 5D obtained 9 distinctions in the HKCEE.
Mathematics remained our strongest subject. In the HKCEE, over 67 %
of our students obtained distinctions and credits and the corresponding
percentage for Additional Mathematics was even higher, reaching
obtained 73% ……
…… The success of a school is obviously the result of teamwork. No
principal, nor any single person should or could claim all the credits ……
Source B
Extracted from the Guest’s Speech of 2000 Annual Speech Day by
Professor S.C. Chan, MD., PhD.
Hong Kong’s Role
Hong Kong can play a significant role in environmental protection through
fast-track pro-environmental legislation. More importantly, it should
promote environmental education by providing funds for corporate
environmental mentoring and professional reporting at colleges; developing
primary and secondary school’s environmental instruction curriculum; and
launching healthy environmental campus programmes.
Source C
Extracted from the Scholarships and Prizes List of 2002
Dr Lee Chung Kin Scholarship
Dr Leung Chun Ying Scholarship
Dr Simon Li Fook Sean Scholarship
Dux Medal
Class Prize
6C CHAN Kwong Chi
6B YAU Man Chun
1A TAM Chun Pong
5D MAK Chong Yin
1A LOH Howard Howe Yeung
1B CHEUNG Chi Man
1C CHAN Chun Hin
1D WONG Tang Tat
1E NG Cheuk Fan
Decide whether the following statements are fact (F) or opinion (O)
(a) One 7A student obtained 5 distinctions in 1999 HKALE.
(b) One 5D student obtained 9 distinctions in 1999 HKCEE.
(c) The success of the school is obviously the result of teamwork.
(d) King’s College is proud of paying more concern on providing
an all-round education.
(e) Over 67 % of the students obtained distinctions and credits in
Mathematics in 1999 HKCEE.
(f) 5D MAK Chong Yin obtained the Dux Medal in 2002.
(g) According to the speech of Professor Chan in 2000, primary
(h)
(G)
and secondary school’s environmental instruction curriculum
should be developed.
1D WONG Tang Tat obtained the Class Prize in 2002.
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Architectural Style of King’s College
King’s College was established in 1926. The government has planned to
declare King’s College a monument in late 2004. What special architectural
features could be found in this school building?
Special Feature of King’s College
a) Veranda
i) Where do you find this feature?
ii) Why did the architect choose this design?
b) Columns
i) Where do you find this feature?
ii) They are typical features of ancient Greek
buildings. The columns of the main entrance
are lonic.
c) Arches and Archways
i) Where do you find this feature?
d) Dome and Vault
i) Where do you find these features?
They are typical features of Roman
architectural styles.
e) The red brick wall
Red brick can be found everywhere in
King’s College.
f) A Steep rooftop
i) Where do you find this feature?
ii) Is this feature typical of Western or
Chinese architecture?
iii) Why did the architect choose this
design?